Iprosesa entsha ye-RISC-V ithi isebenza ngokurekhodwa nge-watt ngayinye

Ukwakhiwa kwe-RISC-V kuyinto entsha, kepha izinkampani eziyisebenzisela ukuklama amaprosesa wesimanje (CPU) ziya ngokuya zifeza ukusebenza kwesinye isikhathi okungaqhathaniswa nokwakhiwa okudala nokwaziwayo (i-ARM, x86, x64, njll.).

IMicrosoft Magic, esebenza ku-RISC-V, imemezele muva nje owaklama iprosesa ye-RISC-V esheshayo engama-64 emhlabeni edlula kahle i-Apple M1 chip ne-ARM Cortex-A9. Le CPU, ngokusho kweMicrosoft Magic, ingumbono wombono kaDavid Patterson, iphini likamongameli webhodi yeRISC-V Foundation, yokwakhiwa kweRISC.

Lo myalelo usetha ukwakhiwa kufanele ukwenze incintisana namazinga embonini afana ne-ARM, ukuthandwa okuqhume eminyakeni yamuva, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yama-smartphones.

Isibonelo, iprosesa elisuselwa ku-ARM-based M1 elisanda kwethulwa yi-Apple selibange umsindo phakathi kwabathandi, abahlaziyi, kanye nemboni ye-IT ngokubanzi. I-RISC-V ikude kakhulu ekufezeni ukungaziwa kwe-ARM noma eminye imiyalo yokwakha izakhiwo, kepha izinhlangano ezisebenzisayo zifuna ukusebenza kwerekhodi.

Kanjalo, Umlingo Omncane, inkampani ezinze eCalifornia eyaziwa kakhulu ngamathuluzi ayo e-Electronic Design Automation (EDA) ithe sekunesikhashana isebenza kulokho ekubona kuyikernel ye-RISC-V eshesha kakhulu engama-64 emhlabeni. Ukufakazela lokhu, abagxeki bezimboni bathe iprosesa entsha yeMicrosoft Magic inikeza ukusebenza okuhle ngokuqopha umlando.

Umlingo Omncane ithi ikwazi ukulayisha, ukubuka nokuguqula ukwakheka kwama-transistor angaphezu kwesigidigidi ngesikhathi sangempela. Le nkampani yasungulwa ngo-1995, yathengiselwa iJuniper Networks ngo- $ 260 million, kwathi ngo-2004 yatholwa ngaphansi kwegama elifanayo ngabasunguli bokuqala. Abasunguli, uMark Santoro noLee Tavrow, basebenze ndawonye eSun Microsystems futhi bahola ithimba elakha i-microprocessor ye-SPARC 300MHz.

Ngokusho kuka-Andy Huang, umeluleki weMicrosoft Magic nomsunguli wokusungulwa kwesimulator yesekethe yeFineSim, uSantoro uphinde wazisa uSteve Jobs kwa-Apple.

Cishe inyanga edlule, IMicrosoft Magic ikhombise i-64-bit RISC-V kernel yayo kumagazini we-EETimes. Umagazini kamuva wabika ukuthi umnyombo ufinyelele ku-5 GHz naku-13.000 CoreMark ku-1,1 V.

Umnyombo wokuhlola ubusebenza ku-Odroid SBC. Lesi yisinyathelo esibalulekile, kepha imvamisa i-Micro Magic core isebenza ku-0.8V okuzenzakalelayo ukunikeza ama-11,000 CoreMark ku-4.25GHz, ngenkathi isebenzisa i-200mW kuphela.

Izazi ezincaneu-c kamuva wamemezela ukuthi iprosesa efanayo ingaletha ngaphezulu kwe-8,000 CoreMark ku-3 GHz ngenkathi idla kuphela i-69 mW yamandla.

Okokuqala, yini iCoreMark?

Ithuluzi lokulinganisa elenziwe ngamabomu le-CPU elenziwe ngamabomu elishicilelwe yi-Embedded Microprocessor Benchmark Consortium (EMBC), eklanyelwe ukuba ingathathi hlangothi futhi ibe lula ukwakha nokusebenzisa ngangokunokwenzeka.

ICoreMark igxile kuphela kwimisebenzi eyisisekelo yepayipi ye-CPU, kufaka phakathi imisebenzi eyisisekelo yokufunda / ukubhala, inani eliphelele, nokulawula.

Lokhu kugwema ikakhulukazi imiphumela eminingi yokwehluka kwesistimu kwimemori, I / O, njll. I-EMBC yiqembu elimele kabanzi embonini: I-Intel, iTexas Instruments, i-ARM, i-Realtek neNokia ngamanye amalungu ayo aqapheleka futhi abonakala kalula.

Ukubuyela emuva ku-chip ye-M1, uHuang uzame ukuchaza ukubaluleka kokusebenza kweMicrosoft Magic ngokuqhathaniswa ne-CPU ye-Apple.

"Sisebenzisa uphawu lokuma lwe-EMBC, sithola ama-CoreMark angama-55.000 nge-watt ngayinye. I-chip ye-M1 icishe ilingane ne-10,000 CoreMark ngaleli benchmark elifanayo.

Hlukanisa leyo nombolo ngama-cores ayisishiyagalombili no-15 W inani, futhi lokho kungaphansi kwe-100 CoreMark nge-watt ngayinye. Iprosesa ye-ARM esheshayo ngemibandela ye-EMBC yi-Cortex-A9 (i-quad-core), enesibalo sama-CoreMark angama-22.343. Hlukanisa leyo nombolo ngama-cores amane no-5 W ngomgogodla ngamunye, bese uthola ama-CoreMark ayi-1112 nge-Watt, ”kusho yena.

Ube esechaza ukubaluleka kwe-200 mW yokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-Micro Magic CPU entsha.

“Kumadivayisi anamuhla anikwe amandla ngamabhethri, i-CoreMark nge-watt ngayinye inkulu kakhulu kuneCoreMark ngeMegahertz ngayinye. Ngomshini ojwayelekile we-5W, singalingana ama-cores angama-25. Ngubani ongenza izinhliziyo ezingama-25 embonini yamaselula? Iningi labantu likhawulelwe kuma-cores amane noma ayisishiyagalombili. Ngakho-ke ezinkampanini ezidinga ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri, njengoTesla, singakwazi ukufeza ukusebenza esikudingayo, ”kusho yena.