Imiphumela: Yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa okuhle kakhulu kweLinux kowezi-2012?

Ngo-2012, sasineLinux yazo zonke izinto esizithandayo nezinambitheka. Sinezinguqulo ezintsha zokusatshalaliswa okujwayelekile futhi okunye ukusabalalisa okusha kuvele okushiye abangaphezu koyedwa bejabule kakhulu. Kulesi sihloko, sihlaziya ngokuningiliziwe umphumela we ukuvota siqale ngesonto eledlule. Ngenxa ye- Abantu abangu-2115 ukuthi bashiye zabo ivoti!

Iziphumo

• Ubuntu 28.98% (amavoti angama-613)
• I-Linux Mint 27.75% (587 amavoti)
• I-Debian 11.16% (236 amavoti)
• I-Arch Linux 10.45% (221 amavoti)
• Okunye: 9.17% (194 amavoti)
• UFedora 7.94% (168 amavoti)
• I-OpenSUSE 3.45% (amavoti angama-73)
• UMageia 1.09% (23 amavoti)

I-Análisis

Ubuntu noLinux Mint bashanela, bathatha indawo yokuqala neyesibili, kulokho okwakulwelwa ekhanda. Phakathi kwalaba bobabili bathathe amavoti angaphezu kuka-50%. Endaweni yesithathu ekude yiDebian, elandelwa eduze yi-Arch Linux.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi konke ukusatshalaliswa okususelwa ku-Debian kungeza cishe ku-68%. Ngokwengxenye yayo, ukwehla okucacile kokusatshalaliswa okuthandwa kakhulu okufana neFedora noma i-OpenSUSE akunakwa.

Ngokwesicelo somphakathi, ama-distros ashiwo kakhulu esigabeni Esinye, angathathanga amavoti angaphezulu nangaphansi kuka-194, yilezi: Ubuntu variants (Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Lubuntu), Manjaro, Crunchbang, Trisquel, SolusOS, Chakra Linux, IBodhi Linux, iGentoo, iSabayon, i-Elementary OS, phakathi kwabanye.

Ekugcineni, ngamangala ngeMageia, njengoba iyi-distro ephelele ngokuphelele futhi enhle kakhulu. Mhlawumbe kusekhona abantu abaningi abasamhlanganisa noMandriva nezinkinga zayo zezezimali, noma mhlawumbe akanakho ukumaketha okungaka ngemuva kwakhe. Noma kunjalo, angazi, kodwa kuyahlekisa.

Ukukhethwa kwami

Iqiniso ukuthi umbuzo wenhlolovo uyakhohlisa kancane. Ngikholwa ukuthi akukho ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux "okuhle kakhulu". Ngenxa "yenkululeko" yesoftware yamahhala, kungenzeka ukuthi kwenziwe ukujwayela okulungiswa kangcono kuzidingo namandla emuntu ngamunye.

Ngalo mqondo, uma kukhona, kukhona "ama-distros amahle kakhulu" we:

• ama-novices noma abasebenzisi abaphambili
• umsebenzi othile (ideskithophu, amaseva, imfundo, i-multimedia, ukuphepha, njll.)

I-rookie distro ehamba phambili ne-distro ehamba phambili yedeskithophu: I-Linux Mint 13

Ngokuya nge-Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (inguqulo "ezinze kakhulu" ye-Ubuntu ngo-2012), iLinux Mint 13 inikeza konke umsebenzisi we-novice angafuna:

• ukusekelwa okuhle kwehardware, 
• ama-codecs wevidiyo aphathelene nabashayeli afakwe ngokuzenzakalela, 
• isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo esinjenge-Windows (ngokungafani ne-Unity noma i-Gnome Shell based distros), njll.
• inombolo enkulu yezinhlelo ezitholakalayo (ngoba isuselwe ku-Ubuntu nakuDebian)

I-distro ehamba phambili yabasebenzisi bamandla: I-Arch Linux

Vele kukhona abanye, futhi abahle kakhulu, njengoGentoo. Kodwa-ke, i-Arch Linux ibikhula kancane kepha ngokuqinile. Unomphakathi onomona ngempela ne-Wiki ebukeka njenge-Aleph: yonke into ikhona, igxilile, akukho okuphunyukayo.

I-Arch inami engingumphathi wephakheji omuhle kakhulu kude kakhulu: noma ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kukaPacman. Ngaphezu kokuba nezinqolobane ezisemthethweni ezibanzi, kuvumela ukufakwa kwezinhlelo ezengeziwe nge-AUR (okuthile okufana nezindawo zokugcina ze-Ubuntu PPA kepha kungcono kakhulu). Ukwakha iphakethe le-Arch kulula kakhulu ukudala ukudala eyodwa ye-Debian noma ye-Ubuntu. Ngalesi sizathu, kunamaphakeji AMANINGI amaningi atholakala ku-AUR kunama-PPAs. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma i-AUR ingeziwe, ukuseshwa nokufakwa kwezinhlelo kuba ubumnandi (ngokungafani no-Ubuntu lapho ungeke ukwazi ukusesha khona imininingwane yama-PPA akhona nokuthi ukufakwa kwe-PPA kudinga imiyalo eminingana).

Konke lokhu kwenza i-Arch ishaywe ngumoya. Ifilosofi yayo isuselwa kumqondo we-Keep it Simple, Stupid (KISS). Iqiniso ukuthi uma ufinyelela emiqondweni ethile eyisisekelo, i-Arch igcina ilula kakhulu, ikhululekile futhi ivumelana nezimo kune-Ubuntu nokunye okunjalo.

Umklomelo weSambulo: IManjaro Linux

Ngokuya nge-Arch Linux, iza nakho konke okwenza i-Arch ibe yi-GREAT distro. Kepha inokungezwa abaningi bethu abakwazisa kakhulu: ukufakwa kwayo KUSHESHE KAKHULU, ngoba kuza, njengawo wonke amanye ama-distros, kuma-flavour ajwayelekile we-GNOME, KDE, LXDE, njll. Ku-Arch, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele ufake konke ngesandla, okwenza ukufakwa kokuqala kube impela engo… Kancane.

Ngamafuphi, iManjaro iyinhlanganisela yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zomhlaba womabili.

I-distro ehamba phambili yama-laptops: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

Ubuntu 12.04 inokuphathwa okuhle kakhulu kokusebenza kwamandla, izinze kakhulu, futhi inesibonisi sokuqhafaza esifanelana kangcono nalezi zinhlobo zamadivayisi.

Kule ndawo, singangeza uLubuntu futhi cishe noma ikuphi okunye ukusatshalaliswa okususelwa ku-LXDE. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumadivayisi "amadala" athize adala noma cha "adinga ukuvuswa."

Isakhiwo sedeskithophu esihle kakhulu sebhizinisi: RHELD 6

Eminyakeni yamuva ama-laurels aye ku-SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop (SLED). Kodwa-ke, kulo nyaka iRed Hat Enterprise Linux Desktop 6 (RHELD) iwenze kahle umsebenzi wasekhaya.

Kungani kube noshintsho? Kuvela ukuthi iRed Hat yenza inqubekela phambili enkulu ekusebenzeni kahle kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha obuhlotshaniswa "nefu."

Ukusatshalaliswa okuhle kwamaseva ebhizinisi: RHEL & SLES

I-SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 6 neRed Hat Enterprise Linux 6 yibo abaphumelele ngokusobala. Kokubili kunokusekelwa okuhle kakhulu kwehadiwe esivele sikujwayele, okuholela ekusimameni okubalulekile kohlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzo zombili izimo insizakalo yosizo olunamafutha wuphawu lwentengiso yakhe.

Icala leRed Hat liyakhanyisa: kulo nyaka inkampani idlulise uphawu lwe- $ XNUMX billion emakethe yamasheya. Kubukeka sengathi isoftware yamahhala ingaba ibhizinisi elihle.

I-LiveCD ehamba phambili: IKNOPPIX nePuppy Linux

Namuhla cishe konke ukwabiwa kungasetshenziswa njenge-live-cd. Ngalowo mqondo, lesi sigaba silahlekelwa ukuqinisekiswa okuthile. Kodwa-ke, kukhona okunye ukusabalalisa okwenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukusetshenziswa njengalokhu, okubandakanya amathuluzi ahlukahlukene enhloso ejwayelekile kusitayela se- "Swiss Army ummese" futhi okuvumela ukutakula idatha noma okunye ukufakwa, izipele, njll.

Kokubili i-Knoppix, esebenzisa i-LXDE, ne-Puppy Linux, esebenzisa i-ultra-light JWM, ifaka wonke la mathuluzi. Kokubili lokhu kusatshalaliswa kunconyelwa kakhulu i-cd yale ntokazi kanye nependrive yomnumzane.

Ukusatshalaliswa okuhle kakhulu kokuhlaziywa kokuphepha: I-BackTrack Linux 5

Akubuzwa, i-BackTrack iyaqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngochungechunge oluhle kakhulu lwamathuluzi okuphepha wesigqoko esimhlophe ukuhlola noma yiluphi uhlelo noma ukuthola izinkinga zenethiwekhi.

Kufaka phakathi uhlu olude lwamathuluzi okuphepha angaphandle kwebhokisi, kufaka phakathi ama-scanners amaningi asema-port kanye nokuba sengozini, ukuxhaphaza amafayela, ukuhogela, amathuluzi wokuhlaziya we-forensic, namathuluzi wokuhlola angenantambo.

Ukusatshalaliswa okuhle kakhulu kokuhlelwa kwemultimedia: Ubuntu Studio 12.04

Ubuntu Studio 12.04, ngokususelwa kunguqulo ehambisanayo ye-Ubuntu, iyona enqobayo ekukhiqizweni komsindo, ividiyo namahluzo, njengoba iqukethe isethi ephelele yamathuluzi, kanye nokwesekwa okukhulu kwamafomethi nama-codec ezinhlobonhlobo zamafomethi wemultimedia.

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlelwa komsindo, iMusix, ukusatshalaliswa kwemvelaphi yase-Argentina, kufanele kukhulunywe ngokukhethekile, okungimangazile ngekhwalithi yayo emangalisayo. Kuza nekernel ye-low-latency ehambisanayo ukugwema "ukweqa" ekurekhodweni futhi kufaka phakathi wonke amathuluzi wokugunyaza nokuhlela umsindo asethuthuke kakhulu. Elinye iphuzu eliphawulekayo ukuthi lingenye yama-distros ambalwa athathwa njenge-100% mahhala yi-FSF.

Ukusatshalaliswa okuhle kakhulu kwezemfundo: Edubuntu 12.04

I-Edubuntu yathuthukiswa ngokubambisana nabafundisi nezazi zobuchwepheshe ezivela emazweni amaningi. I-Edubuntu yakhelwe ngaphezulu kwe-Ubuntu futhi ifaka ukwakhiwa kwamakhasimende e-LTSP, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuqondile kwezemfundo, okuqondiswe kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-6 nengu-18 ubudala.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngiyathanda ukuthi ayihlotshaniswa nomsebenzi othile wokufundisa. Ngibhekisa ngqo ekwabiweni okwenziwe nguHulumeni noma yi-NGO ukwenza uhlelo oluthile lwezemfundo (i-Plan Conectar Igualdad noma i-One Laptop Per Child, ngokwesibonelo).

Okokugcina, ukusatshalaliswa kwezemfundo okunomphakathi omkhulu kunabo bonke.

Ukusatshalaliswa okuhle kakhulu: i-DSL 4.4.10 neSlitaz 4

IDamn Small Linux ukusatshalaliswa kweLinux LiveCD okusebenzayo futhi okuphelele, okususelwa kuKnoppix, eyenzelwe ukusebenza kumakhompiyutha anezinsizakusebenza ezimbalwa noma ezindala, njengama-processor we-Intel 80486. imvelo edeskini. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane, ingafakwa ngaphakathi kweMemori ye-USB futhi ibhuthwe nayo kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha.

I-SliTaz GNU / Linux iyi-minidistribution ne-LiveCD yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-LinuxGNU / Linux olwenzelwe ukusebenza kwi-hardware nge-128 Mb ye-RAM, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ibe incane kunayo yonke ukwabiwa kwe-GNU / Linux, ine-30 Mb CD ne-80 Mb ku-hard drive uma ifakiwe. Kusuka ku-16 Mb ye-RAM inomphathi wewindi we-JWM (enguqulweni yokupheka yi-LXDE).

Bona uhlu oluphelele lwe- Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux mini.