Imiyalo ye-Linux: Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuze ukwazi kahle ngonyaka ka-2023

Imiyalo ye-Linux: Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuze ukwazi kahle ngonyaka ka-2023

En Ephreli 2018 senze iqoqo elincane mayelana nokunye okubaluleke kakhulu "I-Linux Commands" ngaleso sikhathi, nokuthi kwenzeke kanjani kuze kube namuhla cishe iminyaka emi-5 (Februwari 2023), sibone kufanelekile, sibuyekeze futhi sithuthukise okuqukethwe okushiwo.

Ngakho sikhethe Imiyalo engu-60 emakhulwini akhona, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yimuphi umsebenzisi oqalayo futhi oqalayo angaba nombono wokuthi yimiphi imiyalo okufanele ayifunde kuqala ukuze kancane kancane afunde kahle. Linux ukuphela.

Kodwa, ngaphambi kokuqala lokhu okuthunyelwe okuthakazelisayo mayelana nokubaluleke kakhulu "I-Linux Commands" ukwazi, ukufunda nokuphatha ngesikhathi ngonyaka we-2023, sincoma ukushicilelwa kwangaphambilini, ukuze kufundwe kamuva:

I-athikili ehlobene:

Eminye Imiyalo Eyisisekelo Yonke I-Newbie Kufanele Ifunde

Imiyalo ye-Linux 2023: Uhlu lokwazi kahle Itheminali

Uhlu lwemiyalo engu-60 yeLinux ewusizo yonyaka ka-2023

15 Imiyalo yokufinyelela amafayela

1. pwd: Bonisa indawo yemibhalo lapho sikhona njengamanje.
2. ls: Bonisa uhlu lwamafayela nezinkomba eziqukethwe kuhla lwemibhalo olushiwo.
3. cd: Shintsha kusuka kuhla lwemibhalo lwamanje uye kolunye.
4. mkdir: Dala uhla lwemibhalo olusha.
5. touch: Khiqiza ifayela elisha noma uguqule idethi yokufinyelela/yokulungisa ibe enye.
6. cp: Kopisha amafayela noma izinkomba.
7. mv: Hambisa amafayela noma izinkomba. Futhi ngisho nokushintsha igama uma kunesidingo.
8. rm: Susa amafayela noma izinkomba.
9. rmdir: Susa uhla lwemibhalo olulodwa, inqobo nje uma lungenalutho.
10. cat: Bonisa okuqukethwe kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwefayela esikrinini.
11. head: Bonisa imigqa embalwa yokuqala yefayela, ucacise inombolo yemigqa ezoboniswa.
12. tail: Bonisa imigqa embalwa yokugcina yefayela, ucacise inombolo yemigqa ezoboniswa.
13. less: Sesha ngaphakathi kokuqukethwe kwefayela ngokuhlanganyela.
14. more: Sesha ngaphakathi kokuqukethwe kwefayela ngokuhlanganyela.
15. grep: Sesha futhi ubonise izintambo zezinhlamvu kumafayela noma kokuphumayo komyalo.

11 Imiyalo yokuphatha Uhlelo Lokusebenza

1. uname: Bonisa ulwazi mayelana ne-OS, kuhlanganise ne-Kernel elayishiwe njengamanje.
2. df: Bonisa ulwazi mayelana ne-SA, ama-Partitions kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanje kwe-disk Space.
3. free: Bonisa ulwazi oluhlukahlukene mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwememori ye-OS ephethwe.
4. top: Bonisa izinqubo ezisebenzayo, ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-CPU, i-RAM nokuningi.
5. htop: Kufana nomyalo ophezulu, kodwa ngesixhumi esibonakalayo se-CLI esibuyekeziwe, esithuthukisiwe, nesisebenzisanayo.
6. ps: Bonisa izinqubo ezisebenzayo ku-OS ngendlela enemininingwane futhi engahlanganyeli.
7. kill:Ebulala izinqubo ezisebenzayo, usebenzisa inombolo yezinqubo (PID) eyabelwe.
8. shutdown: Phatha i-OS ukuze wenze izenzo, njengokuthi: Ivale, Yiqale kabusha, futhi Yimise.
9. reboot: Inguqulo entsha nethuthukisiwe yeumyalo wokuvala shaqa, nezinketho eziningi ezitholakalayo.
10. uptime: Buka ukuthi i-OS inesikhathi esingakanani isebenza kusukela ekuqaleni kokugcina.
11. last: Bonisa uhlu lwakamuva (lomsebenzisi) lokungena kusistimu yokusebenza.

10 Imiyalo yokuphatha ulwazi lwezakhi ze-HW namadivayisi

1. lsblk: Khombisa ulwazi mayelana nawo wonke amadivaysi okulondoloza atholakalayo.
   
2. fdisk: Phatha (idala, isuse futhi ilungise) ama-partitions kumadivayisi atholakalayo.
3. mount: intaba (conecta) isistimu yefayela ngaphezulu kohla lwemibhalo lwedivayisi ekhona.
4. umount: Khipha (nqamula) isistimu yefayela ephethwe ngomyalo we-umount.
5. hdparm: Lawula amapharamitha ezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zemishini yediski etholakalayo.
6. lshw: Buka ulwazi lwe-OS HW, okuhlanganisa ulwazi olumayelana namadivayisi amanje.
7. lsusb: Buka ulwazi oluthile mayelana namadivayisi amanje e-USB ku-OS.
8. lspci: Bonisa ulwazi oluthile mayelana namadivayisi amanje e-PCI ku-OS.
9. lscpu: Bonisa ulwazi oluthile mayelana ne-CPU esetshenziswa ku-OS nezakhiwo zayo.
   
10. dmesg: Bonisa ulwazi lwangaphakathi oluphethwe yi- I-Kernel, kufaka phakathi leyo ehlotshaniswa ne-HW.

14 Imiyalo ye phatha ulwazi lwezakhi kanye nezinqubo zeNethiwekhi

1. ip: Phatha lonke ulwazi oluhlotshaniswa nezisetshenziswa zenethiwekhi, ku-OS yesimanje.
2. ifconfig: Phatha lonke ulwazi oluhlotshaniswa nezisetshenziswa zenethiwekhi ku-OS endala.
3. iwconfig: Phatha ulwazi oluhlobene nezixhumi ezibonakalayo ezingenantambo ze-OS.
4. nmcli: Phatha ulwazi lwenethiwekhi yokuxhumana nge-Network Manager.
5. wpa_cli: Phatha ulwazi lwenethiwekhi yokuxhumana engenantambo nge-WPASupplicant.
6. ping: Qinisekisa uxhumano lwamanje kwabanye abasingathi kunethiwekhi usebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-ICMP.
7. route: Phatha ithebula le-IP lomzila ukuze usungule imizila emile eya kubabungazi namanethiwekhi.
8. traceroute:Eamaphakethe edatha yomzila ukusuka kusistimu eyodwa ukuya kwenye umsingathi ngenethiwekhi.
9. nslookup: CHlola ulwazi lwe-DNS mayelana nabanye ababungazi, ngokusebenzisana.
10. dig: Xhumana Amaseva wegama le-DNS we xazulula inkinga ye-DNS.
    
11. netstat: Buka ulwazi mayelana noxhumo lwenethiwekhi olusebenzayo njengamanje ohlelweni, nokuningi.
12. iptables: Phatha i-Linux kernel IPv4 kanye ne-IPv6 yemithetho yesihlungi sephakethe.
13. resolvctl: Phatha amagama wesizinda, amakheli e-IPv4/IPv6, namarekhodi ensiza ye-DNS.
14. mii-tool: Phatha isimo seyunithi ye-media ezimele interface (MII) yesixhumi esibonakalayo senethiwekhi ukuxoxisana ngokuzenzakalela ngesivinini sesixhumanisi kanye nezilungiselelo ze-duplex.

10 Imiyalo ye phatha izinqubo ezisebenzayo kanye nolwazi oluhlobene nazo

1. fg: Yenza kusebenze inqubo ethile ukuqaliswa kwayo ngaphambili (ngaphambili).
2. bg: Yenza kusebenze inqubo ethile ukuqaliswa kwayo ngemuva (ingemuva).
3. pstree: Bonisa uhlu lwezinqubo ngendlela yesihlahla, ubonise ubudlelwano phakathi kwazo.
4. nice: Setha okubalulekile kwezinqubo ezisebenzayo ku-OS.
5. renice: Shintsha okubalulekile kwezinqubo, usethe ngomyalo omuhle.
6. nohup: Yenza inqubo ngemuva (ingemuva) ngaphandle kokuthintwa yi- Isignali ye-HUP.
7. disown:DNqamula izinqubo ezisebenza ngemuva kanye netheminali ezisebenzisayo.
8. fork: Cizinqubo zangemuva (izingane) ezivela ku ukuphinda ucingo lwenqubo yomunye (umzali).
   
9. pidfd_open: Yenza lula i ukuthola isichazi sefayela esisho inqubo.
10. clone:Gi-spawn (ingane) isebenza ngendlela efanayo naleyo esetshenziswa ngomyalo "wemfoloko", kodwa umehluko wokuthi, lezi zingcingo zesistimu zinikeza ukulawula okungcono kulokho okufiswayo.

Kuze kube manje, wethu I-60 Ideal Linux Commands ukwazi, ukufunda nokusebenzisa kulo nyaka ka-2023. Nokho, uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalokhu ngakunye, mane uchofoze igama lomyalo ngamunye. Futhi ukwehluleka lokho, kulaba nabanye, ungakwazi ukuhlola ngqo isigaba esisemthethweni ku- I-Debian GNU/Linux Manpages, enemibhalo eminingana ngezilimi ezahlukene.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Iyalela ukuthi inkumbulo yakho ibhekwe ku-Linux

Isifingqo

Kafushane, sethemba ukuthi lokhu kuhlanganiswa okuwusizo kokubaluleke kakhulu "I-Linux Commands" ukwazi, ukufunda nokuphatha ngesikhathi ngonyaka we-2023, kuzovumela abaningi ukuthi bakwazi ukuqala kahle endleleni efanele yokusingatha Itheminali ye-GNU/Linux (Console).

Okokugcina, ungakhohlwa ukunikeza umbono wakho ngesihloko sanamuhla, ngokuphawula. Futhi uma ukuthandile lokhu okuthunyelwe, ungayeki ukuwabelana nabanye. Futhi, khumbula vakashela ikhasi lethu lasekhaya en «DesdeLinux» ukuhlola izindaba eziningi, futhi ujoyine isiteshi sethu esisemthethweni se I-Telegram ye DesdeLinux, ENtshonalanga iqembu ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngesihloko sanamuhla.