Ukuxoxisana noMark Shuttleworth eDebConf (2011)

Kufundwa ibhulogi ye- Raphael Ngihlangana ne- ingxoxo ukuthi wenzeni UMark Shuttleworth, Ngiyincoma impela ingxoxo, ngoba kunamaqiniso athakazelisayo ngoMark, kanye nemibono anayo, ikusasa le- I-Canonical y Ubuntu, nombono wakho wokuthi umhlaba uhamba kanjani futhi kuphi manje.

Ngikushiyela ukuhunyushwa kwale ngxoxo, yenziwe ngubaba (aka Yuri516) ngakho-ke, akudingekile ukuthi uyibuyekeze, wazi isiNgisi kakhulu kunami, ngeke kube khona amaphutha HAHA.

Awudingi ukwethula uMark Shuttleworth ... wayesevele engunjiniyela we-Debian ngenkathi eba usozigidi ngemuva kokuthengisa uThawte eVerisign ngo-1999. Kwathi ngo-2002 waba ngowokuqala wase-Afrika (kanye nomqambi wokuqala we-Debian) ukuhambela isikhala. Eminyakeni emi-2 kamuva, wathola enye iphrojekthi enkulu ayengayilandela: ukuqeda ubukhosi beMicrosoft ekugcineni ngohlelo olusha lokusebenza olubizwa nge-Ubuntu (bona i-bug # 1).

Ngihlangane noMark ngesikhathi seDebconf 6 e-Oaxtepec (Mexico), sobabili besizama ukuthola izindlela zokwandisa ukubambisana phakathi kukaDebian no-Ubuntu. Okuncane engingakusho ukuthi uMark unenkani, kepha noma imuphi umholi uvame ukuba njalo, futhi oziqokele yena uqobo! 🙂

Funda kabanzi ukuthola ngemibono yakhe ngobudlelwano be-Ubuntu-Debian nokunye okuningi.

U-Raphael: Ungubani?

Maka: Enhliziyweni, ngingumhloli wamazwe, umsunguli, nochwepheshe wamasu. Izinguquko kwezobuchwepheshe, emphakathini nakwezamabhizinisi ezingihlaba umxhwele, futhi ngichitha cishe sonke isikhathi sami nengcebo yami ekwenzeni ushintsho olushukumisayo ohlangothini engithemba ukuthi luzothuthukisa umphakathi kanye nemvelo.

Ngineminyaka engama-38 ubudala, ngafunda izinhlelo zolwazi nezimali e-University of Cape Town. 'Ikhaya lenhliziyo yami' yiKapa, ​​futhi bengihlala khona naseStar City naseLondon, manje ngihlala e-Isle of Man nentombi yami uClaire kanye namadada ayi-14 asezingeni eliphakeme. Ngangijoyina iDebian cishe ngo-1995 ngoba ngangisiza ukusetha amaseva wewebhu amaqembu amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ngacabanga ukuthi indlela kaDebian yokupakisha yayizwakala kakhulu kepha yayingafakelwanga i-Apache. Ngalezo zinsuku inqubo ye-NM yayilula kancane 😉

U-Raphael: Sasiyini isisusa sakho sokuqala ngenkathi unquma ukudala Ubuntu eminyakeni engu-7 edlule?

Maka: Ubuntu yakhelwe ukufeza iphupho lenguquko; inkolelo yokuthi ikhono lesoftware yamahhala lizoba nomthelela omkhulu kwezomnotho zesoftware kanye nakubuchwepheshe bayo. Kusobala ukuthi umhlaba wezobuchwepheshe uthonywe kakhulu yiLinux, i-GNU, kanye nohlelo lwamahhala lwesoftware, kepha ezomnotho zesoftware namanje ziyafana.

Ngaphambi koBuntu, sasine-Linux world-tier ezimbili: Kwakukhona umhlaba womphakathi (i-Debian, i-Fedora, i-Arch, i-Gentoo) lapho ubuzisekela khona, nezwe elinomkhawulo, lezentengiselwano le-RHEL ne-SLES / SLED. Yize ukwabiwa komphakathi kubhekwe kakhulu, akuhlangabezani nezidingo zawo wonke umphakathi; awukwazi ukuwathola efakwe kusengaphambili, awukwazi ukuthola isitifiketi nokwakha umsebenzi ozungezile, awukwazi ukuthembela esikoleni ukukhulisa ipulatifomu engabusiswa yizikhungo ezahlukahlukene. Futhi ukwabiwa komphakathi akukwazi ukudala izikhungo ukuxazulula lokho.

Ubuntu uletha lawo mhlaba womabili ndawonye, ​​uwonke, nokukhululwa kwezinga lokuhweba (ukuzuza njengefa izinto ezinhle zeDebian) okutholakala ngokukhululeka kepha futhi kusekelwa yisikhungo.

Ukhiye walelo phupho yingxenye yezomnotho, futhi njengenjwayelo, inguquko kwezomnotho; Kwangicacela bha ukuthi ukugeleza kwemali ezungeze isoftware yomuntu siqu kuzosuka kulayisense ("ukuthenga iWindows") kuye ezinsizakalweni ("ukukhokhela isitoreji sakho ku-Ubuntu ONE"). Uma lolo shintsho luza, lapho-ke kungahle kube khona indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwamahhala kwamahhala, nesikhungo esingenza konke ukuyekethisa kudingekile ukuhambisana nezwe leLinux yezentengiso. Futhi lokho kungaba impumelelo yempilo yonke. Ngakho-ke nginqume ukunikela isiqeshana sempilo yami ekuzameni, futhi ngithole abantu abaningi abahle ababelana ngalombono wokusiza ngokuzama.

Kwaba nengqondo kimi ukufaka uDebian kulowo mbono; Ngangikwazi kahle njengomsebenzisi nanjengelungu, futhi ngangikholwa ukuthi kuzohlala kunenkinga kunayo yonke ekusatshalalisweni komphakathi. Ngabelana ngamanani we-Debian futhi lawo manani ahambisana nalawo esiwabekele Ubuntu.

I-Debian uqobo, njengesikhungo, ibingenakuba nguzakwethu embonini noma ebhizinisini. Ama-bits ahle kakhulu, kepha ukuklama isikhungo sokuzimela kuhilela ukuba ngumlingani onzima wokuthatha isinqumo, noma umhlinzeki wesivumelwano. Bekungeke kwenzeke ukufeza izinhloso zokufakwa kwangaphambi kokufakwa, ukunikwa isitifiketi, kanye nokwesekwa kwehardware yomuntu wesithathu kanye nesoftware ngaphakathi kwesikhungo esakhelwe ukungathathi hlangothi, ukungakhethi, nokuzimela.

Kodwa-ke, izikhungo ezimbili ezihambisanayo zingakwazi ukumboza zombili izinhlangothi zale mali.

Ngakho-ke Ubuntu yingxenye yesibili yohlelo oluphelele lwe-Debian-Ubuntu. Amandla kaDebian ahambisana nalawo Ubuntu, Ubuntu angafeza izinto uDebian angakwazi (hhayi ngoba amalungu alo engakwazi, kodwa ngoba isikhungo sikhethe ezinye izinto eziseqhulwini) futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, uDebian uletha izinto Ubuntu ezingakwazi, hhayi ngoba amalungu azo awanakho, uma kungenjalo ngoba ikhetha okunye okubalulekile njengesikhungo.

Abantu abaningi baqala ukukuqonda lokhu: Ubuntu ngumcibisholo kaDebian, uDebian ngumnsalo ka-Ubuntu. Ayikho insimbi esebenziseka yodwa, ngaphandle kwalapho kugcinwa khona i-anthropology 😉

Ngakho-ke isimo esibi nesikhathaza kakhulu sivela kulabo abacabanga ukuthi uDebian no-Ubuntu bayancintisana. Uma ukhathalela i-Debian, futhi ufuna ukuthi incintisane kuwo wonke amazinga no-Ubuntu, uzoba lusizi; ufuna ukuthi i-Debian ilahlekelwe ezinye zezimfanelo zayo ezinhle futhi iguqule ezinye zezenzo zayo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma ubheka i-Ubuntu-Debian ecosystem njengokubumbana okuphelele, uzogubha amandla nempumelelo yakho kokubili, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, uzosebenzela ukwenza uDebian abe uDebian ongcono no-Ubuntu abe Ubuntu obungcono, ngokungafani nokufisa ukuthi Ubuntu ngokufana noDebian.nokuphambene nalokho.

U-Raphael: Ubudlelwano be-Ubuntu-Debian babuphithizela ekuqaleni, kwathatha iminyaka eminingana ukuthi "kuvuthwe". Uma bekufanele uqale phansi, ingabe uzokwenza ezinye izinto ngokuhlukile?

Maka: Yebo, kunezifundo ezifundiwe, kepha asikho nesisodwa. Okunye ukungezwani bekusezintweni zabantu ezingenakuguqulwa ngempela: abanye babagxeki abanolaka ku-DD abavela kuCanonical kanye no-Ubuntu ngabantu abafake izicelo kepha abangakhethwanga izikhundla eCanonical. Angikwazi ukukushintsha lokho, futhi bengingeke ngikushintshe lokho, futhi ngiyaqonda ukuthi imiphumela, ngokomzwelo, iyilokho.

Kodwa-ke, bekungaba kuhle ukuhlakanipha ngendlela abantu abasabela ngayo kwezinye izindlela. Siye ngokumangazayo saya kwaDebConf 5 ePorto Alegre sagqekeza ikamelo engqungqutheleni. Kwakunomnyango ovulekile, futhi abantu abaningi babefaka amakhanda abo, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi ukuqoqwa kwabantu okungekho uzungu kwabantu lapho kwakwesabisa futhi indaba yaba ngeyokukhishwa inyumbazane. Ukube besifuna ukuba ngabakhethekile besizoya kwenye indawo! Ngakho-ke ngabe ngisebenze kanzima ukukwenza kucace ngaleso sikhathi ukube ngangazi ukuthi leyo ndaba izosetshenziswa kangaki ukudweba iCanonical kabi.

Ngokuqondene nokuxabana noDebian, ngicabanga ukuthi lesi simo ngesinye sezihlava nezimbi. Njengokubhaliswa, ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukusebenzisana nanoma yimuphi umlondolozi we-Debian enkingeni lapho kukhona khona intshisekelo efanayo. Kukhona okuhlukile, kepha lokho kukhishwa kunenkinga ngaphakathi kweDebian njengoba kuphakathi kukaDebian nabangaphandle. Njengabalimele, akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisana noDebian njengesikhungo, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwesikhungo.

Ukusebenzisana, amaqembu womabili kumele enze futhi agcine ukuzibophezela. Ngakho-ke ngenkathi umqambi we-Debian nonjiniyela we-Ubuntu bangenza ukuzibophezela komunye nomunye, u-Debian akakwazi ukuzibophezela ku-Ubuntu, ngoba akekho umuntu noma inhlangano engenza lezo zibophezelo egameni lesikhungo, nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwamagama agile. I-GR ayishintshi ;-). Angikusho lokhu njengokugxeka uDebian; Khumbula, ngicabanga ukuthi uDebian wenze izinqumo ezibaluleke kakhulu, esinye sazo ukuzimela ngokuphelele kubathuthukisi baso, okusho ukuthi abanaso isibopho sokulandela isinqumo esenziwe ngomunye umuntu.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kokusebenzisana nokubambisana. Lapho abantu ababili benenhloso efanayo futhi bethola umphumela ofanayo, lokho kufana nokubambisana. Lapho abantu ababili benezinhloso ezingafani futhi beza nemikhiqizo ehlukile, kepha besathola indlela yokwenza ngcono umkhiqizo womunye nomunye, lokho ukubambisana.

Ngakho-ke ukuze sibe nokusebenzisana okuhle phakathi kuka-Ubuntu no-Debian, sidinga ukuqala ngokwazi ukubambisana nokubaluleka kokwehluka ezindleleni zethu. Lapho othile egxeka Ubuntu ngoba bukhona, noma ngoba bungenzi izinto ngendlela efanayo ne-Debian, noma ngoba abuhleli yonke inqubo ngenhloso yokuqala yokwenza ngcono iDebian, kuyadabukisa. Umehluko phakathi kwethu ubalulekile: Ubuntu bungathatha i-Debian buyise ezindaweni ze-Debian, futhi ama-Debian debuts aletha isihlenga sekhwalithi ye-Ubuntu.

U-Raphael: Yini inkinga enkulu kaDebian?

Maka: Ukungezwani kwangaphakathi ngombono nezinhloso zikaDebian kwenza kube nzima ukudala indawo evumayo, ehlanganiswa nokungafuni ukucubungula isimilo esonakalisayo.

Ngabe iDebian ilinganisa impumelelo yayo ngenombolo yokufaka? Ngenani labanakekeli? Ngesibani se-flamewars? Ngenani lamaphakeji? Ngenombolo yemilayezo yezinhlu zokusabalalisa? Ngenxa yekhwalithi ye-Debian Policy? Ngenxa yekhwalithi yamaphakeji? Ngenxa ye- "freshness" yamaphakeji? Isikhathi nekhwalithi yokugcinwa kokukhishwa? Ngenxa yokuvama noma ukukhishwa okungandile? Ngenxa yobubanzi bezinto eziphuma kokunye?

Eziningi zalezi zimethrikhi zisenkingeni ngqo nabanye; Ngenxa yalokho, iqiniso lokuthi i-DD ebeka phambili zonke lezi zinto (nezinye izinhloso) ngokuhlukile kwenza impikiswano ibe mnandi… Uhlobo lwenkulumompikiswano eqhubeka njalo ngoba ayikho indlela yokukhetha phakathi kwezinhloso lapho wonke umuntu enezinhloso ezihlukile. Uyazi uhlobo lwenkulumompikiswano engifuna ukuyisho 🙂

U-Raphael: Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi umphakathi we-Debian usuthuthuke eminyakeni eyi-7 edlule? Uma kunjalo, ucabanga ukuthi ukuncintisana noBuntu kuyichaza kancane?

Maka: Yebo, ngicabanga ukuthi ezinye zezindawo ezingikhathazayo sezithuthukile. Okuningi kwalokhu kuhlobene nesikhathi esinika abantu ithuba lokucabanga ngombono ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, mhlawumbe ngenzuzo yokuvuthwa. Isikhathi futhi sivumela imibono ukuthi igeleze futhi-ke iletha abantu abasha ekuxubeni. Kunama-DD ambalwa manje lapho ama-DD enziwa ngemuva kokuthi Ubuntu bube khona, ngakho-ke akufani nokuthi le supernova entsha iqhume ngokuzumayo endaweni yakini eyi-galactic. Futhi eziningi zazo zaba ngama-DD ngenxa Ubuntu. Ngakho-ke okungenani ngokombono wobudlelwano be-Ubuntu-Debian, izinto zinempilo kakhulu.

Singenza kangcono kakhulu. Manje njengoba sisendleleni yokukhishwa okulandelanayo kwe-Ubuntu LTS, ngejubane kabili ngonyaka, kuyacaca ukuthi singabambisana ngokubabazekayo uma sabelana ngosuku lweqhwa. ICanonical yanikela ngokusiza ngeSquezze ngaleyo ndlela, kepha ukwesaba kokuzibophezela kwezikhungo kwakhula futhi kwaqeda. Futhi ngesiphakamiso sokubeka iqhwa lokuqala elihleliwe likaDebian ngqo phakathi komjikelezo we-Ubuntu LTS, ukuqondaniswa kwezintshisekelo zethu kuzoba okungenani, hhayi kakhulu.

U-Raphael: Yini ongayiphakamisa kubantu (njengami) abangazizwa bejoyina i-Canonical futhi abangathanda ukukhokhelwa ukuze basebenze ekuthuthukiseni i-Debian?

Maka: Sihlanganyela inkinga; Ngingathanda ukukhokhelwa ngomsebenzi wokuthuthukisa Ubuntu, kepha lokho futhi kuyiphupho lesikhathi eside long

U-Raphael: Kuthiwani ngokusebenzisa imali etholakele ye-Ubuntu Foundation engasasebenzi ukuxhasa amanye amaphrojekthi we-Debian?

Maka: Isisekelo sikhona uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwe-Canonical ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezo zibopho, njengokugcinwa kwe-LTS, ziyaziwa. Bazolala benethemba elihle forever

U-Raphael: Umkhankaso wokuxhaswa kwabantu abaningi we-Debian Administrator's Handbook usaqhubeka futhi ngabona kafushane ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukudala i-Ubuntu Administrator's Handbook. Ucabangani ngale phrojekthi?

Maka: I-Crowfunding iyinhlanganisela emangalisayo yesoftware yamahhala nokuqukethwe okuvulekile, ngakho-ke ngiyethemba ukuthi lokhu kuzokuhambela kahle kakhulu. Ngicabanga nokuthi bangathola imakethe enkulu yencwadi ye-Ubuntu, hhayi ngoba Ubuntu into ebaluleke kakhulu kuneDebian kepha ngoba mhlawumbe iyathandeka kubantu abathambekele kakhulu ekuthengeni noma ekulandeni incwadi kunokuthi bangene emthonjeni.

Futhi, lokhu kumayelana nokuqonda umehluko kuzethameli, hhayi ukwahlulela amaphrojekthi noma imikhiqizo.

U-Raphael: Ngabe ukhona ku-Debian omthandayo ngeminikelo yakhe?

Maka: UZack uyi-DPL ehamba phambili kusukela ngo-1995; kungumsebenzi ongenakwenzeka awusingatha ngomusa nokwehlukanisa. Ngiyethemba ukunconywa kwami ​​akulonakalisi igama lakho kule phrojekthi!

Ngibonga uMark ngesikhathi engisichithe ngiphendula imibuzo yami. Ngiyethemba uyakujabulela ukufunda izimpendulo zakho njengoba ngenzile.

Ukuhumusha: Yuri516

Inkulungwane ngiyabonga Raphael yenhlolokhono ngempela.

Ukubingelela futhi ... kuyathakazelisa noma cha? 🙂