Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule i Abaphenyi abancibilikayo bakhipha ukutholakala kwabo okusha de indlela entsha yokubhalisa izizinda ngama-homoglyphs ezifana nezinye izizinda, kepha empeleni ziyehluka ngenxa yobukhona bezinhlamvu ezinencazelo ehlukile.
Kusho izizinda zomhlaba jikelele (IDN) kungenzeka ekuqaleni ungafani kusuka ezinkampanini ezaziwayo zezinkampani nezinsizakalo, okukuvumela ukuthi uzisebenzisele ukuphamba, kufaka phakathi ukuthola izitifiketi ezifanele ze-TLS zabo.
Ukubhaliswa ngempumelelo kwalezi zizinda kubukeka njengezizinda ezifanele futhi kwaziwa kahle, futhi kusetshenziselwa ukwenza ukuhlaselwa kwezinhlangano zomphakathi ezinhlanganweni.
UMat Hamilton, umcwaningi eSoluble, uthole ukuthi kungenzeka ukubhalisa izizinda eziningi generic top-level (gTLD) esebenzisa i-Unicode Latin IPA extension character (efana no-ɑ no-ɩ), futhi wakwazi nokubhalisa izizinda ezilandelayo.
Ukufakwa esikhundleni sakudala ngesizinda se-IDN esibonakala kufana sekuvinjelwe isikhathi eside kwiziphequluli nakubabhalisi, ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kokuxutshwa kwezinhlamvu ezivela kuzinhlamvu ezahlukene. Isibonelo, i-domain.com engamanga ("xn--pple-43d.com") ayikwazi ukwenziwa ngokufaka esikhundleni sesiLatin "a" (U + 0061) kufakwe i-Cyrillic "a" (U + 0430), kusukela ku-Mixing Ukuphathwa kwezinhlamvu ezivela kuzinhlamvu ezahlukene akuvunyelwe.
Ngo-2017, kwatholakala indlela yokugwema ukuvikelwa okunjalo ngokusebenzisa kuphela izinhlamvu ze-unicode esizindeni, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-Latin alfabhethi (ngokwesibonelo, usebenzisa izinhlamvu zolimi ezinezinhlamvu ezifana ne-Latin).
Manje enye indlela yokugwema ukuvikelwa itholakele, ngokuya ngeqiniso lokuthi ababhalisi bavimba i- ukuhlanganiswa kwesiLatini ne-Unicode, kepha uma izinhlamvu ze-Unicode ezichazwe esizindeni zingezaseqenjini lezinhlamvu zesiLatini, lokho kuxuba kuvunyelwe, ngoba izinhlamvu zingezinhlamvu ezifanayo.
Inkinga ukuthi isandiso se-Unicode Latin IPA iqukethe ama-homoglyphs afanayo ekupeleni amagama ezinye izinhlamvu zesi-Latin: uphawu "ɑ" lufana ne- "a", "ɡ" - "g", "ɩ" - "l".
Ikhono lokubhalisa izizinda lapho isiLatini lihlanganiswe nezinhlamvu ze-Unicode ezibonisiwe likhonjwe nombhalisi weVerisign (abekho abanye ababhalisi abaqinisekisiwe), futhi izizinda ezingaphansi zadalwa ezinsizakalweni ze-Amazon, Google, Wasabi ne-DigitalOther.
Yize uphenyo lwenziwa kuphela kuma-gTLD aphethwe yiVerisign, inkinga Akuzange kubhekwe yizigebenga zenethiwekhi Futhi ngaphandle kwezaziso ezithunyelwe, ezinyangeni ezintathu kamuva, ngomzuzu wokugcina, zilungiswe e-Amazon naseVerisign kuphela ngoba yibo kuphela abathathe le nkinga ngokungathi sína.
UHamilton ugcine umbiko wakhe uyimfihlo kuze kube yiVerisign, inkampani ephatha ukubhaliswa kwesizinda kwezandiso zesizinda esisezingeni eliphakeme (gTLDs) njenge-.com ne- .net, ilungise inkinga.
Abaphenyi baphinde baqala insiza eku-inthanethi ukuqinisekisa izizinda zabo. ukufuna ezinye izindlela ezinama-homoglyphs, kufaka phakathi ukuqinisekiswa kwezizinda ezibhalisiwe kakade nezitifiketi ze-TLS ezinamagama afanayo.
Mayelana nezitifiketi ze-HTTPS, izizinda ezingama-300 ezinama-homoglyphs ziqinisekisiwe ngamarekhodi weSitifiketi Sokubonisa Ngokucacile, okuyi-15 awo abhaliswa ekwakhiweni kwezitifiketi.
Iziphequluli ze-Real Chrome neFirefox zibonisa izizinda ezifanayo kubha yekheli ekubhaleni ngesiqalo esithi "xn--", noma kunjalo izizinda zibonakala ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kuzixhumanisi, ezingasetshenziswa ukufaka izinsiza ezinobungozi noma izixhumanisi emakhasini, ngaphansi kwe- izaba zokuzilanda kumasayithi asemthethweni.
Isibonelo, kwesinye sezizinda esikhonjwe ngama-homoglyphs, ukusakazwa kwenguqulo enonya yomtapo wezincwadi we-jQuery kwarekhodwa.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, Abaphenyi basebenzise ama- $ 400 futhi babhalisa izizinda ezilandelayo ne-Verisign:
- amzon.com
- chsese.com
- icompho.com
- Ngobese.com
- .comppɩe.com
- ebyy.com
- .static.com
- ushusomp.com
- lindokuhle.co.za
- lemaha.com
- khulamaweb.com
- amadinga.com
- lolahl.com
- wssbisys.com
- yuhoo.com
- cɩoudfɩare.com
- deɩɩ.com
- gmɑiɩ.com
- www.gooɡleapis.com
- huffinkungiza.com
- insikitweb.com
- microsoftonɩine.com
- Ngobese
- ɑandroid.com
- netfix.com
- mehlohl
- ɡoogɩe.com
Si ufuna ukwazi imininingwane eminingi ngayo ngalokhu kutholakala, ungabonisana isixhumanisi esilandelayo.