Isoftware yamahhala esikoleni

Namuhla sizoxoxa ngezinhlelo zamahhala othisha abangazisebenzisa ezingeni le- i-baccalaureate, ikakhulukazi endaweni IT.

Ingxenye yezomthetho

Njengoba wonke umuntu azi kahle ezikhungweni zikahulumeni, wonke ama-software afakwe kwikhompyutha kumele abe namalayisense wangempela ukuze agweme unswinyo olwenziwa yizindikimba zokucwaninga zikahulumeni noma zikahulumeni. Ngenhlanhla kukhona nenye indlela, mahhala, engabizi, futhi enikeza ikhwalithi efanayo nezinhlelo zokuphathelene.

Isofthiwe yamahhala

Yigama lesoftware elihlonipha inkululeko yabo bonke abasebenzisi abathola umkhiqizo futhi, ngakho-ke, uma selitholakele, lingasetshenziswa ngokukhululeka, likopishwe, lifundwe, liguqulwe futhi lisatshalaliswe ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Ngokuya ngeFree Software Foundation, isoftware yamahhala isho inkululeko yabasebenzisi yokugijima, ukukopisha, ukusabalalisa, ukutadisha, ukuguqula isoftware, nokusabalalisa isoftware eguquliwe.

Iqinisekisa le nkululeko elandelayo:

• Inkululeko 0: inkululeko yokusebenzisa lolu hlelo, nganoma iyiphi injongo.
• Inkululeko 1: inkululeko yokufunda ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kanjani futhi ulushintshe, ulivumelanise nezidingo zakho.
• Inkululeko 2: inkululeko yokusabalalisa amakhophi ohlelo, ongasiza ngalo umakhelwane wakho.
• Inkululeko 3 - Inkululeko yokwenza ngcono uhlelo futhi wenze lokho kuthuthukiswa kube sesidlangalaleni kwabanye, ukuze wonke umphakathi uzuze.

Ibhizinisi elenza isoftware yamahhala libonakala ngokunikezwa kwezinsizakalo ezingeziwe kusoftware efana: nokwenza kwayo kanye / noma ukufakwa, ukusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe, iminikelo, uxhaso noma njengengxenye yesibopho senhlalo ezinkampanini; Ngokuphikisana nemodeli yebhizinisi esuselwa kakhulu kwelayisense kusoftware yomthombo ovaliwe

I-GNU / Linux

Ngenye yamagama asetshenzisiwe ukubhekisa enhlanganisweni ye-kernel yamahhala noma i-kernel efana ne-Unix ebizwa nge-Linux ngohlelo lwe-GNU. Ukuthuthuka kwayo kungesinye sezibonelo ezivelele zesoftware yamahhala; yonke ikhodi yayo yomthombo ingasetshenziswa ngokukhululeka, iguqulwe futhi isatshalaliswe yinoma ngubani ngaphansi kwemigomo ye-GPL (i-GNU General Public License) namanye amalayisense amahhala.

I-Linux ingasebenza kokubili endaweni yokuqhafaza nakwimodi ye-console. Ikhonsoli ivame ekusatshalalisweni kweseva, ngenkathi isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo siqondiswe kubo bobabili abasebenzisi bekhaya nabamabhizinisi. Ngokunjalo, kukhona nezindawo zedeskithophu, okuyisethi yezinhlelo ezakhiwe ngamawindi, izithonjana kanye nezinhlelo eziningi ezisebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwekhompyutha. Ama-desktops athandwa kakhulu ku-GNU / Linux yi: GNOME, KDE, LXDE, Xfce, E-17, njll.

Ngazo zonke lezi zincazelo ezimfishane manje siyazi ukuthi asisiyo isoftware yokuphanga ukuze sikwazi ukuphumula kalula futhi sifake izinhlelo zamahhala kwimishini esiyidingayo.

Ukungabi nolwazi noma ukuvilapha

Ukuntuleka kolwazi kuyisici esithonya ukuze isoftware yamahhala ingasetshenziswanga ngezinga elikhulu. Emkhakheni wezemfundo, kungenxa yokuthi izikhungo eziphakeme azikaze zisebenzise iCD ebukhoma evela ekusatshalalisweni kweLinux ezifundweni eziyisisekelo zesayensi yamakhompyutha. Umane uzilinganisele ekukhulumeni ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ngombono nje bese usebenza nge-Windows, Office, C ++ compilers, njll.

Enye imbangela ubuvila. Ngokungabaniki ukuzijwayeza ngama-CD abukhoma ngoba ucabanga ukuthi ngeke kusebenze emkhakheni womsebenzi womfundi, ngoba izinhlelo zobunikazi zisetshenziswa emsebenzini. Kodwa-ke, ngale ndlela abantu abasha bazoba nemibono eyisisekelo ngamakhompyutha futhi ngeke bafunde izinyathelo okufanele bazilandele ngenhliziyo. Ngikholwe ukuthi bazokubonga ngokungapheli.

Yini esingayenza?

Ezihlokweni ezisebenzisa ama-processor wamagama, amaspredishithi nezethulo zesilayidi, ikhambi elilungile engilincomayo ukulanda i-LibreOffice kusuka kuwe ikhasi elisemthethweni bese uyifaka emishinini oyidingayo.

Ngendlela efanayo, ngezifundo zokudweba i-vector uma isikole sinelayisense yeCorelDraw emisebenzini yakho yaselebhu, ngincoma ukusebenzisana ne-Inkscape. Can ulanda Noma yisebenzise njengesoftware eyinhloko lapho ungenayo ilayisense yeCorelDraw.

Uma ufundisa izifundo eziyisisekelo zamakhompiyutha, kunconywa ukuthi ulande isithombe se-ISO bese ushisa iCD noma iDVD yenye yale misebenzi:

• Fedora: http://fedoraproject.org/es/get-fedora
• Ubuntu: http://www.ubuntu.com/download
• I-Linux Mint: http://www.linuxmint.com/download.php

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi kukhona nokusabalalisa okuqondiswe ngqo emkhakheni wezemfundo, njengoba kunjalo nge Umhukhuni.

Imisebenzi ozoyithuthukisa ingaba ngamabili noma kokuthathu, kuya ngenani labafundi onabo ekilasini nokuthi yini ofuna ukuyisebenzisa kuma-CD. Omunye umsebenzi ongenziwa ukwabela ucwaningo oluyidokhumenthari ohlelweni lokusebenza kweLinux, ukusatshalaliswa, izinzuzo, njll. Uma kwenzeka isikole sinemishini yamakhompyutha engasasebenzi, bangavuselela le mishini ngokwenza imikhuba yokufaka ukusabalalisa okulula njenge Lubuntu o I-Puppy Linux.

Uma kunesihloko esichazwa ngokugqwayiza unikeza ithuba I-Synfig Studio lokho kungathathwa njengohlelo olufana neFlash.

Esinye sezihloko ezisetshenziswayo ukwakhiwa kwamakhasi we-HTML. Kuyo ungalandela izindlela ezimbili: incwajana yokubhala noma isoftware yokwakha iwebhu. Uma ukhetha enye indlela yokuqala, abukho ubugebengu obushushisiwe ngoba zonke izinhlelo ezisebenzayo zifaka isihleli sombhalo osobala. Kepha uma ufuna ukusebenzisa uhlelo olufana ne-Dreamweaver kalula, ngiphakamisa ukuthi uzame i-Bluefish, ezokwenza umsebenzi omuhle wokwakha amakhasi we-HTML. Ungase futhi ugcwalise isihloko ngohlelo lwe-PHP (download I-XAMPP) ukwenza amakhasi ashukumisayo azosiza abafana bakho kumaphrojekthi abo wesikhathi esizayo.

Uma ukwesaba ukwenziwa kohlelo futhi ufuna ukufundisa ulimi, izinketho ezinconyiwe zalabo abasanda kuqala iPython neRubí, ezibonakala ngokulula kwazo kwe-syntax, ziyashesha ukufunda nokuphambana kwepulatifomu.

Kepha uma ungomunye walabo abakhetha ukufundisa indlela yakudala nge-C noma i-C ++ ungafundisa izingane zakho ngendlela efanayo naleyo abazokwenza ngayo kwiWindows. Kwanele ukufaka umhlanganisi ofanele nesihleli sombhalo esivumela ukuhlela okusheshayo nokulula kwekhodi, njengoba kunjalo ngeGedit noma i-Kate.

Ngokuqondene nezinhlelo eziyisisekelo, ungasebenzisa ithuluzi I-DIA ukunwetshwa kwemidwebo yokugeleza futhi ngaleyo ndlela unikeze ukusetshenziswa kwephepha nepensela.

Njengoba abafundi bami abahlonishwayo bekwazi ukwazisa ezinye izindlela ezinikezwayo, okusele ukunikeza isoftware yamahhala ithuba, uthole wonke umdlalo ongawathola kubo futhi ukhumbule ukuthi ukulinganiselwa kukuwe.