Thola okuningi ku-router yakho nge-OpenWrt: inkululeko engenantambo

openwrt.org // #isibaya@Freeode

I-OpenWrt ukusatshalaliswa I-GNU / Linux ngokusekelwe ku I-Debian GNU / Linux lokho kusivumela ukuthi sisebenzise izici zobuchwepheshe zerutha yethu kuze kufike kokungaphezulu kokusebenzisa esingakunika nge-firmware efakwe ngumenzi.

Uma sifuna I-OpenWrt ku Wikipedia Singafunda:

«I-OpenWrt ukusatshalaliswa okususelwa ku-firmware kwe-GNU / Linux okusetshenziselwa amadivayisi ashumekiwe njengama-routers womuntu siqu.
Ukusekelwa ekuqaleni bekukhawulelwe ku-Linksys WRT54G, kepha selokhu yanda ngokushesha, ukusekelwa kwabanye abakhiqizi namadivayisi kufakiwe, kufaka phakathi iNetgear, iD-Link, ASUS, nabanye abambalwa. I-router ethandwa kakhulu kuseyi-Linksys WRT54G kanye ne-ASUS WL500G. I-OpenWrt Isebenzisa kakhulu isikhombimsebenzisi somugqa womyalo, kepha futhi ine-interface ye-WEB ethuthuka njalo. Ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe kunikezwa njengamaphrojekthi amaningi we-Free Software, ngokusebenzisa izinkundla kanye nesiteshi sayo se-IRC.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe- I-OpenWrt ekuqaleni yaphakanyiswa ngenxa yelayisense ye-GPL, eyayiphoqa bonke labo bakhiqizi abaguqula futhi bathuthukisa ikhodi, ukuthi bayikhiphe futhi banikele ngokwengeziwe kuphrojekthi ngokujwayelekile.

Kancane kancane, isoftware ikhulile futhi kufakwa izici abanye abakhiqizi bamadivayisi wezohwebo emkhakheni ongewona owobuchwepheshe abangenazo, njengeQoS, VPN nezinye izinto ezihlinzekayo I-OpenWrt zedivayisi enamandla futhi eguquguqukayo, efanelekile ukusebenzisa i-hardware lapho isebenza khona I-OpenWrt hhayi nje ukusetshenziswa njengama-routers, kepha njengamaseva wefayela, ama-P2P node, amaseva we-WEBcam, ama-firewall noma amasango we-VPN. »

I-OpenWrt ne-dd-wrt

Ngaphezu kwalokho I-OpenWrt kukhona dd-wrt okuyimfoloko yomuntu wesithathu we I-OpenWrt ngenhloso yokunikeza umkhiqizo wezohwebo; ngale ndlela ungathenga ama-routers nge-firmware dd-wrt esivele ishumekiwe futhi yakhokha nokusekelwa kwesondlo nezehlakalo kuzo.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe- I-OpenWrt y dd-wrt ukuthi eyokugcina ayinayo ikhonsoli yokufinyelela kweShell, ayikusekeli ukufakwa kwesoftware entsha futhi inguhlobo lokuhweba lwe I-OpenWrt okusondele kakhulu ku-firmware ukuthi imizila ehlukene yokuhweba ingaletha ivela efektri kepha inezici ezinamandla amakhulu.

Amanye amaphuzu lapho evelele khona dd-wrt ku-interface yayo yomsebenzisi njengoba iheha kakhulu kunaleyo ye- I-OpenWrt ngezicelo eziningi ezipholishiwe ezibhekiswe kubasebenzisi bokugcina hhayi ama-sysadmins noma ama-hobbyists.

Omunye umehluko obalulekile ukuthi ngokuvamile i-firmware ye dd-wrt kulayini ofanayo ne-firmware 'ezinzile' ye I-OpenWrt ngakho-ke ngandlela thile ngemuva kwenguqulo yokuthuthuka, engakhethi, yenza kahle ngendlela emangalisayo futhi okwamanje iqinile, angikaze ngibe nezinkinga.

Yize ekuboneni kokuqala dd-wrt kungabonakali kuthakazelisa njenge I-OpenWrt kuhle ukugcina lokhu engqondweni kulawo macala lapho kungekho firmware I-OpenWrt okwedivayisi yethu noma sifuna ukuba nesibonisi esihle kakhulu esifanele umsebenzisi ojwayelekile.

Womabili amaphrojekthi, I-OpenWrt y dd-wrt Banomphakathi omkhulu ngamunye ogcina womabili amaphrojekthi ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo, okusiqinisekisa ukuthi sinoxhaso isikhathi eside. Le miphakathi ivulekile futhi inobungani, yize ngaphambi kokwenza umbuzo, umsebenzisi ucelwa ukuthi afunde imibhalo efanelekile futhi abuyekeze i-wiki kanye nezithangami, ngoba kuqinisekile ukuthi umbuzo wakhe usuvele wenziwe futhi waphendulwa phambilini.

Vele, imibuzo efana nokuthi "Ngifake i-openwrt futhi angenzi lutho, yini engingayenza?" Awamukelekile futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kubangele abangaphezu koyedwa, okungenani, ukuthi bachaze ukuthi konke kuxazululwa nge Sudo rm -rf / bese ufaka iphasiwedi yakho> = D

Izici ze I-OpenWrt

Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa I-OpenWrt ziningi:

1. i-mini distro esebenza ngokugcwele, "mini" lapha kusho ukuthi:

a) inenani elilinganiselwe lamaphakeji atholakalayo
b) Idizayinelwe ukuba yincane ngangokunokwenzeka nokuthi singakwazi ukuyifaka ezindaweni zokugcina ezincane (njenge-2mb!) nokuthi isebenza nama-MIPU CPUs angama-300mhz kuphela.

1. Amamojula we-Wifi enzelwe ukusetshenziswa I-OpenWrt Sizosebenzisa kangcono i-router yethu ngoba izoba nesiginali engcono: izoba namandla futhi icace bha kune-stock firmware eza nayo evela efektri.
2. yize kusezingeni eliphakeme, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamandla ezifana ne PHPSinezinhlobonhlobo ezithokozisayo zesoftware esizifaka ngokuya ngezimpawu zobuchwepheshe zedivayisi yethu.
3. . Uma sinesikhala namandla afanele wokubala, singaba nesiphakeli sewebhu esifunayo esizosebenza eceleni:

a) iseva yefayela - I-NFS y I-SMB / CIFS
b) iklayenti I-IRC (kimi I-WeeChat) neklayenti lokuthumela imiyalezo ngokushesha IBitlBee kuhlanganiswe. Ngale ndlela futhi inqobo nje uma singacimi noma siqale i-router sizoba ku-100% online. Ukunakwa: Izingodo ze-IRC, ikakhulukazi uma sixhunywe eziteshini eziningana (kimi okwamanje zikhona ezingama-31) zingathatha isikhala esiningi ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma sizosebenzisa iklayenti le-IRC ku-router, ngincoma ukuxhuma iyunithi yokugcina yangaphandle nokugcina izingodo lapho.
c) dala noma ube yingxenye yenethiwekhi evulekile ye-Mesh noma anezikhala amanethiwekhi angenantambo, owaziwa nangokuthi iBATMAN
d) amaseva wewebhu afana uhttp y nginx
e) ukungapheli kwezicelo zokuphepha ezinjengeKismet, i-aircrack-ng, i-arpwatch ne-macchanger phakathi kwezinye; amathuba angenamkhawulo! Isibonelo: ake sithi ngenxa yesizathu se-X badinga ukufinyelela inethiwekhi ethile ye-Wifi kepha-ke abazi ukuthi ama-pwd abo noma amakheli e-MAC avunyelwe ukuxhuma, ngokombono bangasebenzisa i-router elula abafaka kuyo I-OpenWrt ngezicelo ezidingekayo bese uyilungiselela ukuhogela ithrafikhi engenantambo, ukusesha amaphasiwedi, ukuthola amakheli e-MAC abhalisiwe, ukuxhuma kumanethiwekhi bese ukukuthumelela i-imeyili ekweluleka ukuthi zingaphakathi kwenethiwekhi eshiwo, nemininingwane edingekayo ukuze ukwazi ukuxhuma kusuka noma kuphi kunjalo. Uma lokhu sekwenziwe, konke okumele bakwenze ukuthola indawo lapho bengafihla khona idivayisi exhunywe kwinethiwekhi kagesi, eduze kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka kumanethiwekhi abanentshisekelo kuwo futhi bayivumele yenze umlingo wayo; -D
(UTom Cruise ubhontshisi eduze kwethu futhi njengoba u-El Indio asho ngaphambi kokuzithengisa, «Ikusasa lafika esikhathini esedlule")
f) iseva yokuphrinta, iseva yesikhathi (NTP), njll.
g) Ukuba yi-distro eyenzelwe ama-geek kanye nama-geek ngokusobala sizokwazi ukufinyelela nge-ssh futhi empeleni kufanele sikwenze kanjena ekuqaleni ukufaka isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza futhi siyilungiselele: akukuhle yini??
h) kungenzeka ukudala inombolo engenamkhawulo (kukhawulwe kuphela yi-HW uqobo) yamanethiwekhi e-Wifi =)
i) wonke amandla we-firewall enhle kakhulu emhlabeni, iptables enkonzweni yethu kokubili kusuka kukhonsoli naku-interface yokuqhafaza.
j) izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinjenge-tmux zisondele, vele wenze a # opkg buyekeza && opkg ufake tmux ngakho-ke ukusebenza ku-console ngaphakathi kwe-router yethu kuyintokozo
k) Njengoba kungenzeka uqaphele, umphathi wephakheji usebenzisa i-syntax efana nomphathi wephakheji I-Debian GNU / Linux Yebo ngoba I-opkg kusekelwe ku-ipkg yakudala nayo ethathe i-dpkg / apt njengesethenjwa. Qaphela, ungabi ngaphansi kwemibono ethile ngalo mphathi wephakeji, ayinamandla noma ivumelane nezimo njengabafowabo abadala, kepha yenza umsebenzi wayo kahle kakhulu.
l) Sinezixhumi eziningana zokuxhumana zeWebhu okufanele sizikhethe kuye ngokuthanda kwethu nezinto esizithandayo. Ngokwami ​​nangemuva kokuzama konke bengisele Luci ngoba ilula kakhulu futhi ingivumela ukuthi ngifinyelele ezinhlotsheni eziningi zemisebenzi ye- I-OpenWrt. Ukuthi ukukhanya akuyona idatha encane ngoba i-router yami yasekhaya ithobekile Ingxenye #: TP-Link TL-WR2573ND futhi isikhala esitholakalayo esikhanyayo siyi-8mb kuphela, ngakho-ke isikhala esincane engisisebenzisayo ku-trivia njenge-interface elayishiwe futhi enhle yewebhu isikhala esengeziwe engizoba naso ukulayisha izinhlelo zokusebenza.
m) phakathi kweminye imisebenzi isekelwa ngokugcwele ngamaJumbo Frames nama-VLANS!
n) Ezinye izinto zifaka phakathi lezo iningi lama-routers asekhaya / e-SOHO aphuma ebhokisini njenge-ARP binding, i-static routing, amagama wamagama, ukubopha kwe-DHCP, ukulawula ukufinyelela kwesikhathi, ikhono lokusebenzisa i-DNS eningi kunethiwekhi ngayinye, njll.
o) Ukuba yi-distro ye-GNU / Linux sizoba nokufinyelela okugcwele kuzingodo zohlelo, izingodo zekernel, amademoni esifuna ukuwaqalisa ekuqaleni, njll., kufana ne-distro abayisebenzisayo.
p) Kubandakanya ama-nice -and useful- hacks ukwenza amalambu we-router aphendule ezenzweni ezithile, ngale ndlela, singakwazi ukuzilungiselela ukuthi zikhanyise ngandlela thile kuye ngokuthi silusebenzisa kanjani lolu cingo (olunentambo, inethiwekhi engenantambo, efana umzila, iswishi, njll.), lapho sifinyelela amadivayisi e-USB axhunywe kurutha njenge-hard drive yangaphandle noma iphrinta, njll.
q) phakathi kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza singafaka umphathi we-VPN, i-Nagios, Munin (i-Nagios ethuthukisiwe neFree), faka i-MTD (Mail Transport Delivery) bese uyenza iseva ye-imeyili, faka mc (Umphathi wamaphakathi nobusuku), iseva ye-Avahi / Bonjour / Zeroconf, uma sine-HD yangaphandle exhunywe kwiqoqo lethu lomculo singasebenzisa idemoni le mpd ku-router okuzosivumela ukuthi sibaxhume kuyo kusuka kunoma yimuphi umshini oxhuma ku-router noma ngabe ukumanethiwekhi ahlukile, njll.
r) Kunamaphakeji angaphezulu angamakhulu azo zonke izinhlobo ukuze ukwazi ukwenza cishe lokho okufunayo ngomzila wakho, ingasaphathwa uma unedivayisi yokubheja. Njengenjwayelo nge-GNU / Linux, umkhawulo kuphela umcabango womsebenzisi

Ngamafuphi, I-OpenWrt Kuyiphupho lengane lifezeka = D

Imodi yokutakula / UKUHLULEKA

Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi izikhathi zokuqala lapho sifake le firmware enhle kakhulu sizosala ngaphandle komzila wokumisa okuthile ngokungafanele noma ngokususa noma ukuqamba kabusha okuthile obekungafanele sikuthinte - kepha ukuthi ukwazi kwethu imvelo isisunduza ukuyenza i-xD

Eqinisweni, umhleli osayina le nothi, ngiqonde ukuthi, ubene- i-gran umcabango wokususa izixhumi ezibonakalayo zenethiwekhi ukuze ziphinde zilungiswe kahle ukuze zihlale ngaphandle kwe-router futhi zingakwazi ukufinyelela kuyo ngoba yize uhlelo olushumekiwe lwalusebenza izimanga kwakungekho ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi okunikwe amandla - yebo, ngiyinhlakanipho, kubi! BOLUDO !!!

Onjiniyela be I-OpenWrt ubone kusengaphambili amacala anjalo futhi unikeze isikhombimsebenzisi semodi yokuqalisa ephephile -phumzi- ukuze sikwazi ukufinyelela okuphuthumayo futhi sisethe kabusha uhlelo.

Kubalulekile ukucabangela lokhu ngoba nge-firmware ye I-OpenWrt Cishe kuqinisekile ukuthi inkinobho yokusetha kabusha imizila yakho ngeke isebenze njengoba bekulindelwe, okusho ukuthi ubuyisela ukucushwa okufanayo kuzilungiselelo zefektri. Eqinisweni, inkinobho isetshenziswa kwimodi phumzi de I-OpenWrt kepha kuphela ukuthumela isignali entweni ethile ngesikhathi esithile nokuthi singakwazi ukungena futhi kule divayisi Telnet noma i-ssh.

Kungenzeka nakubo isitini umzila uma ufaka isithombe esingasifanele, kuleso simo ukubuyiswa kwensimbi kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe ngoba inqubo ifaka phakathi ukuyivula ukuze kufinyeleleke kuhlelo oluhlanganisiwe, lokunamathisela i-elekthronikhi esizosebenzisa ngalo Intambo ye-USB exhunywe emshinini wethu bese uxhuma ku-router nge-serial console, yenza kusebenze iseva ye-FTP -I-TFTP- kwakudala kakhulu ukukopisha i-firmware elungile, ukusetha kabusha isithombe esisha, njll., Akukho okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yize uma singakwenzi ngokucophelela sengozini yokushisa i-router.

sikrini

Nazi ezinye izithombe zegobolondo leBusyBox ne-Luci web interface:

Kuze kube manje isingeniso se- I-OpenWrt, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngizobhala umhlahlandlela wokufakwa okufingqiwe, ngaphezu kwanoma yini izimo ezijwayelekile ezingatholwa ikakhulukazi ukuze amahora ocwaningo engiwatshalile alondolozwe ukufunda amathani amadokhumenti nokushintshana ngemibono ku-IRC ngize ngishiye i-router yami isebenza namuhla.