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Kulokhu okuthunyelwe okuphelele ngizinikele kukho debunk ezinye izinganekwane ezivamile nemibono eyiphutha mayelana nesoftware yamahhala nobudlelwano bayo nokudunwa. Okokuqala, phikisa ukudideka okuvame kakhulu okuhambisana nesoftware yamahhala nobugebengu bokubulala, sengathi bekuyinto efanayo ... noma ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi efanayo. Okwesibili, hlola iqiniso esivame ukungalazi: indlela ukusetshenziswa kwesoftware ebunjiwe ekucindezela ngayo ukwenziwa kwezicelo "zamahhala". |
Umehluko phakathi kwesoftware yamahhala nesoftware ebunjiwe
La i-piracy kusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okungagunyaziwe noma okungavunyelwe kwemisebenzi ehlanganiswe yimithetho ye ilungelo lobunikazi ngendlela ephula noma yimaphi amalungelo akhethekile wombhali, njengelungelo lokukhiqiza kabusha noma ilungelo lokwenza imisebenzi esuselwe kokunye.
El software free, esikhundleni salokho, kunjalo noma iyiphi isoftware ehlonipha inkululeko yabasebenzisi. Ngokuya ngeFree Software Foundation, kubhekiswa ku- libertad yabasebenzisi ukusebenzisa, ukukopisha, ukusabalalisa, ukutadisha, ukushintsha nokuthuthukisa indlela ye- isofthiwe; ngokunembile, kubhekiswa ku- inkululeko ezine zabasebenzisi be-software: inkululeko yokusebenzisa lolu hlelo, nganoma iyiphi injongo; ukutadisha ukusebenza kohlelo, nokuluvumelanisa nezidingo; ukusabalalisa amakhophi, ngaleyo ndlela sisize abanye, nokwenza ngcono uhlelo nokwenza ukuthuthuka kube sesidlangalaleni, ukuze umphakathi wonke uzuze (ngenkululeko yesibili neyokugcina eshiwo, ukufinyelela ikhodi yomthombo kuyinto edingekayo).
Ukudideka? Ngokuvamile badidekile ngoba kukholelwa, ngephutha, ukuthi abavikeli besoftware yamahhala badlulisela izimiso zabo kusoftware ephathelene, befuna ukusebenzisa leyo nkululeko. Ngamanye amagama, ukufuna ukusabalalisa, bona ikhodi, share, njll. isoftware ephathelene. Lokhu kungamanga. Abameli bama-software bamahhala bangathanda ukuthi yonke isoftware emhlabeni inikeze abasebenzisi nonjiniyela leyo nkululeko, lokho kuyiqiniso, kepha Esikhundleni sokuthi "kubhokodwe" isoftware yokuphatha, babhala, basekele, basabalalise futhi basebenzise enye i-software enikeza leyo nkululeko. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, njengenye indlela yeHhovisi bayathuthukisa, basekele, basabalalise futhi basebenzise i-OpenOffice, ngakho-ke nezinye izinhlelo: esikhundleni se-IE, Firefox; esikhundleni seWindows noma iMac, iLinux… futhi uhlu luyaqhubeka.
Ubugebengu bobugebengu bulimaza isoftware yamahhala
Ukudunwa kwesoftware kuyiqiniso ezweni lanamuhla lapho kulula khona ukwabelana ngolwazi nokudlulisa. Akunandaba ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ze-DRM ezisetshenziswayo ngabathuthukisi be-software yezentengiso, noma ngabe "imithetho" emisiwe iphakeme kangakanani noma inamandla kangakanani, othile uzohlala ethola indlela yokwenza "okuhlukile" ... okuzoba yikho ekugcineni, isoftware ebunjiwe, umthetho.
Kudingeke ukuthi ngifake amakhophi eWindows kwikhompiyutha yabantu abaningi enamaCD abanginike wona. Angikaze ngilibone ibhokisi lokuqala leWindows. Ukudunwa kwesoftware enkulu akuyona nje into eyinqaba engena emphakathini wethu, kuyinto ejwayelekile..
Ngizimisele ukugembula izindodla ezimbalwa ukuthi abambalwa kini abafunda le bhulogi basebenzisa isoftware ebunjiwe njengamanje; ngize ngithathe isinqumo sokuzama i-Linux, eminyakeni eminingana edlule, ngangijabule kakhulu ukukwenza lokho ... ngokuyisisekelo ngenxa yokungazi, kodwa futhi nangezinye izizathu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ngubani ozobukela eduze ngokwanele ukuthumela amaphoyisa ukushaya emnyango wakho ngoba usanda kulanda i-Office 2007 egqekeziwe? Kepha, Lapho ulanda ikhophi lalo lonke i-Adobe suite yokudala ngehora kusuka kusayithi lakho lesifufula eliyintandokazi, awunawo umqondo ophelele wazo zonke izisusa ezingaba khona ekusetshenzisweni kwesoftware eboshiwe emphakathini wokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware.
IPirates isabasiza abathuthukisi
Kubukeka kuyisimo esivamile ngandlela thile, engisibonile kubantu abaningi, ukukholelwa ukuthi ubugebengu bokuphanga yindlela enhle "yokuqotha" izibhamu ezinkulu njenge-Adobe noma iMicrosoft, ngokugwema ukuthengwa kwekhophi yokuqala ebizayo. Kulula ukukuqonda lokho kucabanga uma ulande lolu hlelo ngokungemthetho esikhundleni sokukhokhela inkampani ilungelo lokulisebenzisa, "abodwa" balahlekelwe ukuthengisa. Ukulahlekelwa yimali kuma-software monopolies kuyindlela engcono kakhulu "yokuzicwila". Lokhu, njengoba sizobona, kungamanga.
Shaya isibhamu esikhulu!
Kuthiwa laphaya lapho uMongameli weMicrosoft uBill Gates, ephendula inani elikhulu lamakhophi aphangiliwe eWindows aqala ukusakazwa eChina ezikhathini zakamuva (kufaka phakathi nezinhlaka zombuso), wathi lokho Yize bengicabanga ukuthi kubi ukuthi abantu baseChina baphange isoftware engaka, uma bekufanele baphange noma iyiphi yazo, bengingathanda ukuthi ithambe. kusuka ku-Microsoft.
Kuyathakazelisa ukucabanga ngemiphumela yalokhu. Inkampani yesoftware yezohwebo ikhetha ukuthi isoftware yayo iphangwe kunokuba iyigweme ngokuphelele. Noma benza imali encane ngayo, abantu basasebenzisa isoftware YAKHO hhayi eyomunye umuntu, ekuhambeni kwesikhathi okusho ukuthi kuzoba nemali engenayo ethe xaxa.. Ngakho-ke, ekujuleni kwenhliziyo, ubugebengu bokwenza izinkampani imali encane. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi, ngokwesibonelo, kuMicrosoft: abanandaba, futhi abakwazi ukulawula, ukuthi ngamunye wethu unekhophi langempela leWindows noma iHhovisi (imikhiqizo emibili ekunika imali eningi) ekhaya , kodwa banendaba nokuthi sinabo futhi sibamukela njengeyona ndlela kuphela yokusebenzisa ikhompyutha. Ibhizinisi labo ukuthengisa ezinkampanini ezinkulu naseMelika, izindawo lapho bangalawula khona ukusetshenziswa kwamakhophi okuqala.
Kepha, ukwakha "amazinga" kwesinye isikhathi kusebenza ngenye indlela (kusuka emsebenzini kuye ekhaya). Imikhiqizo ye-Adobe iyisibonelo esihle, ikakhulukazi i-Photoshop. Uma ubheka ephephandabeni ukuthola izikhangiso zomsebenzi emkhakheni we-graphic design, imifanekiso, ama-logo, noma into enjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi bacela abaklami abanolwazi ekusebenziseni i-Adobe Photoshop kanye / noma i-Illustrator . Kokubili i-Photoshop, i-Dreamweaver, ne-Flash zonke izinhlelo ezijwayelekile zomkhakha. Ngakho-ke noma kungavela okuthile okungcono, abantu basazosebenzisa i-Adobe, ngoba "kuyinto ejwayelekile" embonini.
Iningi labadali engibaziyo basebenzisa izinhlobo ze-Photoshop eziphangiwe ekhaya ngoba abakwazi ukukhokhela uhlobo lwangempela, futhi ngoba yilokho abakusebenzisa ku-facu noma emsebenzini. Ngibonise ezinye zazo izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-GIMP esikhundleni, futhi impendulo kwaba ukwenqatshwa ngokuphelele kwe-GIMP. I-interface yayo ibixakile kubo, ababonanga izinzuzo ze-GIMP ngaphezulu kwe-Photoshop, ngokuqinisekile enazo futhi eziningi, kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke, I-GIMP yayingabizi kakhulu kunenguqulo ye-Photoshop! Ekugcineni, njengoba isikhathi sihamba, abanye babo baphoqeleka ukuthi bathenge inguqulo yokuqala ye-Photoshop ukugwema izinkinga.
Isifundo ukuthi noma ngabe awukakhokhi ukusebenzisa isoftware okwamanje, inkampani kungenzeka ukuthi isivele ikuthengisele yona vele.. Ngandlela thile, unikela, unganakile, ekugcineni amazinga embonini, bese uphakathi nendawo ukukhuthaza leyo software ngaphandle kokuthola isisindo sayo..
Ngesizathu esifanayo, iMicrosoft Windows ingumnikazi wemakethe yedeskithophu engama-90%. Yilokho abantu abaningi abakujwayele ukugqoka. IMicrosoft ayifuni ukulahlekelwa yimali ngokugebenga, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, banxephezela "ngokwakha amazinga" emakethe, ngokuxhaswa ngabaduni nabasebenzisi abasemthethweni.
Ngubani olahlekayo?
Sonke sisizwile isililo sezinkampani eziningi ze-software eziphikisana nobubi bokusebenzisa isoftware ebunjiwe, kepha noma zisebenzisa izimpikiswano ezithile ezivumelekile, imvamisa ziyizimpikiswano ezizuzisa bona kuphela. Ngokuvamile, basho lokho isoftware eyipirithi ilimaza umnotho womhlaba, okuholela ekulahlekelweni umsebenzi; Baphinde bachaze nokuthi imali yabasebenzisi abasemthethweni kufanele iye ekulweni nobugebengu endaweni yokuthi isetshenziselwe ukuthuthukisa isoftware, futhi ekugcineni, bathi isoftware ebunjiwe ivame ukubandakanya ukusatshalaliswa kwamakhophi anesici noma agcwele amagciwane.
Yize ukusebenza kwaleli phuzu lokugcina kubaluleke kakhulu, kuneminye imiphumela engezansi ebaluleke kakhulu ethinta abaxhasi beFree Software.
Abasebenzisi abasemthethweni ngokungangabazeki yibo abalahlekile: amanani akhuphukile ngenxa yokweba (noma, okungenani, lokho kuyizaba izinkampani eziningi ezisetshenzisiwe), okuholela kumakhasimende asemthethweni ukukhokha kakhulu ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo ofanayo; ngempumelelo, lokhu kusho ukuthi "banxephezela" lokho abasebenzisi be-software abaphangi abangakhokhi.
Bathini abathuthukisi beFree Software ngakho konke lokhu?
Ubugebengu besoftware ephathelene nayo bunomthelela ongabonakali konjiniyela bamahhala besoftware. Isoftware yamahhala, noma inganikeza imali ezinkampanini ezithuthukisayo, ezisabalalisayo noma eziyisekelayo, ayinayo inhloso enkulu yokwenza imali, kepha intshisekelo yomphakathi: ukusekelwa kwabasebenzisi be-software yamahhala kuyisibindi esibalulekile umphakathi. Ngakho-ke, uma othile ethatha isinqumo sokulanda ikhophi ye- "trout" ye-MS Office 2007 esikhundleni se-OpenOffice.org, abathuthukisi be-OOo balahlekelwe ngumsebenzisi, ummeli, mhlawumbe nomnikeli. Ngamanye amagama, balahlekelwa okungaphezulu kakhulu 'kwekhasimende' nje, 'isabelo semakethe', noma 'inzuzo (yesikhathi esizayo) noma inzuzo yangempela (yamanje)'.
Ngisho nokusabalala "kwezinguqulo ezincane" zesoftware ephathelene nomthelela kunomthelela ekuhambeni kwesoftware kwamahhala. Uma usasebenzisa i-Photoshop, "uyayimaketha" ngokungazi, ukuze nje uyisebenzise. Lokhu akuyona into okufanele "uzijezise ngayo njalo ebusuku", kepha kufanelekile ukuthi uyisho futhi "uyenze ibonakale", ngoba kuyiqiniso elivame ukungaziwa. Uma abasebenzisi abaningi basebenzisa isoftware evela ezinkampanini ezimbalwa, ubanikeza ithuba lokubeka ukubusa kwabo embonini.
Isibonelo esihle salokhu yiFlash. I-Flash kuseyifomethi evaliwe, futhi ukuphela kwendlela ama-flash videos nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingathuthukiswa / adlalwe ngayo "ngokufanele" nge-software ye-Adobe. Ngokuyinhloko I-Adobe idale ukuzimela, futhi cishe azikho ezinye izindlela zokuyisebenzisa. Uma wenza okuthile nge-Adobe Flash, noma ngabe kungohlobo olukhokhelwayo noma oluphangiwe, uzobe usekela i-Adobe futhi uqinisa ukubamba kwayo kule "standard" embonini. Lokhu kufanele ukucaciswa, ayihlanganise lutho nekhwalithi yesoftware. I-Flash kanye nama-PDF, imikhiqizo emibili "esindayo" yakwa-Adobe, eyakha amazinga kuwebhu, kukhonjiswe kaningi ukuthi ingumthombo wenani elikhulu lokukhubazeka kwiWindows. Futhi ayihlangene nokushoda kwezinye izindlela: Endabeni yeFlash manje, ngenhlanhla, kukhona i-HTML5 (yize ukwamukelwa kwayo kuzothatha iminyaka eminingana), futhi esimweni sama-PDF, sinokunye okuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo kwe-DJVU kodwa okukhonjiswe ukuthi kungcono (amafayela mancane futhi anekhwalithi engcono) kunama-PDF.
Isimilo siwukuthi noma ngubani ofuna ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwesoftware yamahhala angabi nentshisekelo yokusebenzisa isoftware ebunjiwe, futhi uma ufuna ngempela 'ukugoqa' abezizwe, ungasebenzisi amakhophi wesoftware abo aphushiwe, sebenzisa isoftware yamahhala bese ushaya kubo lapho kubalimaza kakhulu: hhayi i-pocketbook yabo kuphela kepha nomgogodla wabo, ukuthembeka kwabo kanye nethuba lokudala, ngalo, amazinga embonini. Lokho kungaba yinto engabalimaza ngempela. Yiso futhi leso sizathu esenza ukuthi iMicrosoft, ngokwesibonelo, ingalokothi inikeze ukuxhaswa kweHhovisi ngamazinga wamahhala (ODF). Ukwenza kanjalo kuzolulaza isisekelo esiyinhloko sempumelelo yeHhovisi: ukwamukelwa kabanzi kwamafomethi avaliwe eMicrosoft.
Ngizitholaphi ezinye izindlela "zamahhala" ezinhlelweni "zobunikazi" engizisebenzisa nsuku zonke?
- I-OSalt: http://www.osalt.com/
- Izikhululekile: http://www.freealts.com/
- OkuhlukileOkuthi: http://alternativeto.net/
Angikholwa. Okokuqala, ukukopisha ngokungemthetho (ukusho ukuthi ubugebengu bubonakala buningi kimi) kuyisiko. Ngenza i-informatics yezokwelapha futhi ngithole ithuba lokubona ama-PC, ngokwesibonelo, udokotela ohlinzayo odumile wase-plastiki kanye nodokotela wezifo zamehlo ovelele, bobabili abayizigidi. Bobabili bangibize ukuthi ngisuse uphawu oluncane oluthi "ungaba yisisulu somgunyathi we-software." Babengafuni ukufaka ikhophi ngokusemthethweni, bafuna ukuqhubeka nokuyisebenzisa mahhala.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsebenzisi othambile wamahhala uvame ukuba ngumsebenzisi onzima futhi olwayo. Kusuka kwesinye isizwe, kwesinye isiko. Uma ngesimangaliso esithile i-gnu linux yenziwe yangasese, besingaya ngobuningi ku-BSD, noma enye iphrojekthi ehlonipha inkululeko yomsebenzisi. Angazi amacala wesoftware yamahhala enziwe ayimfihlo. Lokho akukho. Abasebenzisi abaningi be-Win beza, bathwebula isoftware yamahhala, kwathi ekuqaleni ubunzima bathatha iphilisi elibomvu ukubuyela kuMatrix. Kepha sizokubona lapha. Sizele okuthile.
Futhi ekugcineni, amazwe anesiko lamahhala lesoftware, empeleni, yilawo esiwabona njengamabhentshi ngokwamandla okuthenga. ISweden, iNorway, iCanada ... cha, akuyona indaba yemali. Eqinisweni, kunabasebenzisi abaningi besoftware abakhululekile abenza iminikelo ukugcina ukuthuthukiswa kwamasofa abawathandayo (ngizibeka ngeWordPress ne-OpenEMR, ngokwesibonelo), kunabasebenzisi beWin abakhokhele ikhophi abayisebenzisayo bebodwa . Ngokulinganayo, abasebenzisi beLinux babeka imali eningi, futhi ngokuzithandela.
Yebo mnumzane.
Mabatshele iMicrosoft, okuyinto ngenxa yokuphanga kwaba yindinganiso enenzondo namuhla, enezinengiso zayo .doc phakathi kwezinye iziphazamiso.
Ukuthi babuza uMnu. Bill Gates, ukuthi ukube bekungekhona ukugebenga, bekuzoba nabambalwa kakhulu abazoba namawindi: -S
Sawubona, ngithanda ukuhlaziywa okwenziwa kwisoftware yamahhala nepirates, iqiniso bekungukuthi bengingenalo ulwazi lwalokhu, ubugebengu ngeke buphele, uyohlala ubona abantu abakwengamelayo.