|
Lokhu kungokokuqala ochungechungeni lwezikhala ezihlobene nesihloko engicabanga ukuthi kubalulekile kuwo wonke amazwe: ukusetshenziswa kwesoftware yamahhala kuHulumeni.
Kungani ukusebenzisa isoftware yamahhala eMbusweni kungazuzisa? Yibuphi ubunzima nezinkinga obuzobangela? Zingaba yini izindleko zokufuduka okunjalo? Ngabe lokhu kufuduka kuyadingeka kuphela embuzweni wemibono / wefilosofi noma futhi ngezizathu zomnotho nezisebenzayo? |
Yini isoftware yamahhala?
Isoftware, njengokuthengiswayo, imvamisa ayithengiswa. Lokho umsebenzisi akutholayo, ngokukhishwa kwemali noma ngaphandle kwayo, yi- a shiya maqondana nokusetshenziswa ongakunika izinhlelo ezibuzwayo. Qaphela ukuthi lokhu akufani, ngokwesibonelo, incwadi noma irekhodi, okuthengiswayo lapho ikhasimende lithola khona isihloko sangempela sento elingaboleka, linikeze, lithengise kabusha, licaphune, liqashe, lifingqe, njll.: Ngo- «ukuthenga uhlelo» , Umsebenzisi njengomthetho ojwayelekile akatholi amalungelo empahla, ezimweni eziningi awabi ngisho ngumnikazi wesikhungo sikazibuthe noma se-optical lapho kuthunyelwa khona isoftware, okuhlala kuyimpahla yombhali wokuqala.
Ilayisensi yokusebenzisa uhlelo oluthile ilawula izindlela umsebenzisi angalisebenzisa ngayo. Yize izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamalayisense zihlanganisa lonke uhla lwamathuba, kusuka ezimeni ezinamandla kakhulu kuya kwinkululeko enkulu, zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili ezibanzi: ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunamalayisense aziwa njenge- "mahhala", nangaphezulu enye, amalayisense. "Proprietary". Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo zamalayisense ukuthi isoftware ephethe ilayisense ngokuvamile inika umsebenzisi ilungelo kuphela gijima uhlelo "njengoba lunjalo" (okusho ukuthi, kunamaphutha afakiwe) kukhompyutha enikeziwe, enqabela ngokusobala konke okunye ukusetshenziswa, ngenkathi isoftware ephethwe ilayisense yamahhala ivumela umsebenzisi ukuthi angaqhubeki nje nohlelo kuma-computer amaningi ngendlela afisa ngayo, ikopishe, uyihlole, uyiguqule, uyithuthukise, ulungise amaphutha futhi uyisabalalise, noma uqashe umuntu ozomenzela yona.
Ngokusho kwe- Isoftware Samahhala, isoftware yamahhala ibhekisa kufayela le- libertad yabasebenzisi ukusebenzisa, ukukopisha, ukusabalalisa, ukutadisha, ukushintsha nokuthuthukisa ifayela le- isofthiwe; ngokunembile, kubhekiswa ku- inkululeko ezine zabasebenzisi be-software: inkululeko yokusebenzisa lolu hlelo, nganoma iyiphi injongo; ukutadisha ukusebenza kohlelo, nokuluvumelanisa nezidingo; ukusabalalisa amakhophi, ngaleyo ndlela sisize abanye nokwenza ngcono uhlelo nokwenza ukuthuthuka kube sesidlangalaleni, ukuze umphakathi wonke uzuze (ngenkululeko yesibili neyokugcina eshiwo, ukufinyelela ikhodi yomthombo kuyinto edingekayo).
Ukucutshungulwa kobumfihlo nedatha
Ukufeza imisebenzi yawo, uMbuso kufanele ugcine futhi ucubungule imininingwane ephathelene nezakhamizi. Ubudlelwano phakathi komuntu noHulumeni buxhomeke kubumfihlo nobuqotho bale mininingwane, okufanele ivikelwe ngokwanele ezingcupheni ezintathu ezithile:
- Ingozi yokuvuza: Imininingwane eyimfihlo kufanele iphathwe ngendlela yokuthi ukufinyelela kuyo kungenzeka kuphela kubantu abagunyaziwe kanye nezikhungo.
- Ubungozi bokungakwazi ukufinyelela: Imininingwane kufanele igcinwe ngendlela yokuthi ukufinyelela kuyo ngabantu abagunyaziwe kanye nezikhungo kuqinisekiswe kukho konke ukusetshenziswa kolwazi.
- Ubungozi bokukhohlisa: ukuguqulwa kwedatha kufanele kukhawulelwe, futhi, kubantu abagunyaziwe nasezikhungweni.
Ukufezeka kwanoma yikuphi kwalokhu kusabisa kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu kuHulumeni nakumuntu ngamunye. Lapho idatha icutshungulwa ngekhompyutha, ukuba sengozini kwakho kulezi zingcuphe kunqunywa isoftware eyicubungulayo.
Isoftware yamahhala ivumela umsebenzisi ukuhlolwa okuphelele nokuphelele kwendlela idatha esetshenzwe ngayo. Intshisekelo yenqubo yokucubungula ingaphezulu nje kokufunda. Ngaphandle kokwenzeka kokuhlolwa, akunakwenzeka ukwazi ukuthi ngabe lolu hlelo lugcwalisa umsebenzi walo kuphela, noma uma lubandakanya ukuba sengozini ngamabomu noma ngengozi okuvumela abantu besithathu ukuthi bafinyelele ngokungafanele idatha, noma bavimbele abasebenzisi abasemthethweni bolwazi ukuthi balusebenzise. Le ngozi ingabonakala ingajwayelekile, kepha icacile, futhi kunomlando obhaliwe.
Iqiniso lokuvumela ukuhlolwa kohlelo yisilinganiso esihle kakhulu sokuphepha, ngoba izindlela zivezwa, zihlala zibhekwe ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukufihla imisebenzi enonya, noma ngabe umsebenzisi wokugcina angazihluphi ngokuthola kubo uqobo.
Ngokuthola ilayisense yokusebenzisa isoftware ephathekayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsebenzisi uthola ilungelo lokuqhuba uhlelo kukhompyutha, kepha hhayi ukwazi indlela uhlelo olusebenza ngayo. Into ebalulekile yanoma iyiphi ilayisense yokuphatha ukuvinjelwa okucacile komsebenzisi mhlawumbe kokuzama ukuthola indlela uhlelo olusebenza ngayo. Lokhu kukhawulelwa kungahle kube nohlelo lohlelo lomdlalo, kepha akwamukelekile kuzo zonke lezo zimo lapho uhlelo luphatha khona imininingwane ewusizo, njengoba uvinjelwe ukuluhlola, umsebenzisi ushiywe kuphela enethuba lokuthemba abahlinzeki bakhe, futhi futhi bonke abasebenzi babahlinzeki bayo, ngisho nezinhlangano zikahulumeni lapho abahlinzeki bayo basebenza ngaphansi kwazo, ziziphatha ngendlela engenacala futhi zibeka phambili ukuphepha kweklayenti ngisho nangaphezu kwezintshisekelo zazo zezohwebo, zikazwelonke noma zamasu. Le trust isivele yephulwe kaninginingi.
Ukuzimela kwezobuchwepheshe kanye "nokungathathi hlangothi" kwenethiwekhi
Izinzuzo ezilethwe ukwamukelwa kwamathuluzi wokucubungula idatha ziningi futhi ziyaziwa. Kepha uma ukusebenza kwekhompyutha sekuqalile, ikhompyutha iba ebalulekile, futhi umsebenzi uncike ekutholakaleni kwawo. Uma isikhungo esisebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza singenayo inkontileka mayelana nezandiso nokulungiswa kohlelo, ukuthembela kwezobuchwepheshe kuyenzeka lapho umhlinzeki esesimweni sokumisa ngokwemibandela imigomo, imigomo namanani entengo.
Indlela ecashile kakhulu yalokhu kuncika kwezobuchwepheshe kwenzeka ngendlela idatha egcinwa ngayo. Uma uhlelo lusebenzisa ifomethi yokugcina ejwayelekile, khona-ke umsebenzisi angaqiniseka ukuthi ngokuzayo bazokwazi ukuqhubeka nokubhala ngemininingwane. SiNgokuphambene, idatha igcinwa ngefomethi eyimfihlo, umsebenzisi ubhajwe kumhlinzeki othile, okuwukuphela kwayo enganikeza noma yisiphi isiqinisekiso sokufinyelela kuzo.
Amalayisense amahhala awaniki umsebenzisi amandla okusebenzisa isoftware kuphela, kepha amvumele ukuthi ayisebenzise nangezinye izindlela eziningi. Phakathi kwabo, umsebenzisi unelungelo lokuhlola uhlelo ngokuthanda kwakhe, nangale ndlela elula (uma kungenjalo ngamanye anamandla amakhulu, njengokunamathela kumazinga), kwenza amafomethi wokugcina idatha abonakale, ukuze umsebenzisi abe nokuthula kwengqondo ukuthi bazohlala bekwazi ukufinyelela kubo, nokuthi abathuthukisi bohlelo abasebenzisana nababo bayohlala benemibhalo ephelele nefanele ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Futhi, isoftware yamahhala ivumela umsebenzisi ukuthi alungise futhi aguqule uhlelo ukuze luhambisane nezidingo zabo. Le nkululeko akuyona eyabahleli bezinhlelo kuphela. Ngenkathi kuyibo abangawusebenzisa ngesandla sokuqala, abasebenzisi nabo bazuza kakhulu, ngoba ngale ndlela bangaqasha noma yimuphi umqambi (hhayi umbhali wangempela) ukulungisa izimbungulu noma ukwengeza ukusebenza. Abantu abangaqasha hhayi kuphela abanakho okokukhetha okukodwa kokuthola inkontileka, kepha futhi abakutholi ekulungisweni kwayo. Ngale ndlela, umsebenzisi angabelana ngezinsizakusebenza zabo ukuxazulula izidingo zabo ngokuya ngezinto eziza kuqala kubo, acele izingcaphuno eziningana futhi agcine leyo enikeza isilinganiso samanani entengo / sokusebenza, ngaphandle kokuziveza ekuqoleni nasekuphangeni.
Ngendlela efanayo, kusetshenziswa indlela efanayo yokugcina idatha ngamafomethi ayimfihlo angashintsha ngokuthanda kwakho, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokugunyazwa, Abakhiqizi be-software abaphathelene nesikhathi baphoqa amakhasimende abo ukuthi athenge izibuyekezo ezingadingekile ezinhlelweni zabo. Isisetshenziswa silula: bathengisa ngohlobo olusha lomkhiqizo, bese bakhipha endala emakethe. Uhlobo olusha lusebenzisa ifomethi entsha, engahambelani neyangaphambilini. Umphumela uba ukuthi umsebenzisi, noma ngabe anelisekile ngezici zenguqulo anayo, akanakho okunye angakwenza ngaphandle kokuthola inguqulo "yesimanjemanje", ngoba ukuphela kwendlela okufanele afunde ngayo amafayela athunyelwa abasebenzisi bakhe abantu obajwayele nozakwabo abanenguqulo entsha.
Ugcwalisa ifomu kodwa ngalolu hlobo lwepeni ...
Esinye sezibonelo ezidabukisa kakhulu kulokhu kuncika kwezobuchwepheshe kungabonakala emthethweni wase-Argentina uqobo. Isikhathi esithile manje, i-AFIP isidinge ukuthi abakhokhi bentela balethe izinzuzo ezahlukahlukene ngefomethi yedijithali. Umqondo, ngendlela, unengqondo, kepha indlela i-AFIP ewusebenzise ngayo ukuthi udinga ukuthi ukwethulwa kwenziwe kuphela ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezithile ezinikezwe yile nhlangano. Lezi zinhlelo, kuyiqiniso, zikhululekile, kepha izidingo zazo zokwenza zibandakanya, njengezinhlelo zokusebenza, kuphela "iWindows 95, 98 noma ngaphezulu". Leyo uMbuso udinga ukuthi izakhamizi zithenge umkhiqizo othile kumphakeli othile ngenhloso yokufeza izibopho zawo zentela. Lokhu kulingana nokuyalela ukuthi amafomu angewona awe-digital angagcwaliswa kuphela kusetshenziswa izibaya zomthombo waseMont Blanc.
Ukuthembela kwezobuchwepheshe = ukubuyela emuva
Uma umsebenzisi enikwe amandla wokwenza uhlelo, kepha hhayi ukuluhlola noma ukulushintsha, lapho-ke angeke afunde kulo, uncika kubuchwepheshe angabuqondi nje kuphela kepha abuvunyelwe ngokusobala.. Ochwepheshe endaweni yakho, abangakusiza ukufeza izinhloso zakho, banomkhawulo ngokulinganayo: njengoba ukusebenza kohlelo kuyimfihlo, futhi ukuhlolwa kwalo kungavunyelwe, akunakulungiswa. Ngale ndlela, ochwepheshe bendawo babona amathuba abo okunikela ngenani elengeziwe ngokuya ngokukhawulwa, futhi ama-horizons abo omsebenzi anciphile kanye namathuba abo okufunda kabanzi.
Ngeshwa, ochwepheshe bendawo abakwazi ukuphendula kulezi zinkinga, ngoba ulwazi oludingekayo ukulunikeza lukhawulelwe kubasebenzi bomnikazi walezi zinhlelo okukhulunywa ngazo. Kuyiqiniso: abanikazi banikela ngezifundo ezibizayo eziqeqesha ochwepheshe ukuxazulula izinkinga, kepha zilawula ukujula kwalezo zifundo, zingalokothi ziveze yonke imininingwane, futhi zinikeze indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi lokho abakufundisayo kulungile ngempela. Ngamafuphi, akekho owazi kahle ukuthi kwenzekani, kuphela abasolwa. Futhi noma ngabe okunye kwalokhu kusola bekuqinisile, noma ngabe kungenzeka ukuthi othile, ngenhloso, athole imbangela yephutha elithile futhi angaliqeda unomphela ... Kungavunyelwa ukwenza njalo!
Isoftware yamahhala ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo
Ngokusebenzisa isoftware yamahhala, ochwepheshe abangahlaziya kahle, baqonde futhi bathuthukise, umsebenzisi usesimweni sokukwazi ukufuna kubasebenzi bokusekela ukuthi izinhlelo zenze umsebenzi wazo ngokuphelele.. Akusekho sizaba sokuthi "okwenzekayo ukuthi i-XXX iyawa", lapho i-XXX usuku nosuku iyinto entsha nefihlekile lapho ingcweti ingenamandla okuyilawula, ngakho-ke isibopho. Lapha yonke into ivulekile, wonke umuntu ofuna ukufunda angafunda, wonke umuntu ofuna ukusebenzisana, futhi uma othile engazi, kungenxa yokuthi bebengafuni ukufunda, hhayi ngoba othile ubambe imininingwane edingekayo ukuze afeze umsebenzi wakhe.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi okwamanje azikho izixazululo zamahhala zazo zonke izidingo zabasebenzisi. Esimweni, azikho izixazululo zokuphathelene nazo zonke izidingo. Ezimweni lapho isixazululo samahhala singekho, kufanele usithuthukise, okusho ukuthi ukulinda omunye umuntu ukuba akhubeke ngesidingo bese usithuthukisa, noma uzithuthukise ngokwakho (noma okufanayo, ukhokhele omunye umuntu ukuze asithuthukise ). Umehluko ukuthi kulezo zimo lapho kunesixazululo samahhala esitholakalayo, umsebenzisi angasisebenzisa ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kokuphikisana kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo, ngenkathi enezixazululo zobunikazi okufanele akhokhe ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi lokho abakutholayo njengesixazululo se- «Kuvaliwe» Kuvaliwe nemfihlo, esikhundleni sethuluzi elikuvumela ukuthi ukhule futhi usebenze ngokuphepha nangokukhululekile.
Isoftware yamahhala ibeka izisekelo zokuthuthuka okuqinile nokuzimela kochwepheshe bendawo abanikeza izixazululo.
Fuentes:
- http://proposicion.org.ar/doc/razones.html, por Federico Heinz.
- Wikipedia.