Ukusetshenziswa kwesoftware yamahhala kuHulumeni, ingxenye II

Ingxenye yesibili yalokhu kuhlaziywa okuphelele ekusetshenzisweni kwesoftware yamahhala kuHulumeni, kanye nezinzuzo zayo ngokusetshenziswa kwesoftware ephathelene. Labo abangakwazanga ukufunda ingxenye yokuqala, bangayithola kusuka ku- lapha.

Isoftware Nomthamo Wokusebenza

Lapho nje ikhompiyutha yethulwe emsebenzini, iqala ukubaluleka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi idatha egcinwe kwimidiya yedijithali, ngokungafani naleyo ebhalwe ephepheni, ayinakwenzeka ukucacisa lapho ikhompyutha ingasebenzi. Ngalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuthi izindlela zobuchwepheshe zokucubungula idatha zitholakale kumsebenzisi, ngaphandle kwalokho akakwazi ukufeza umsebenzi wakhe.

"Uhlelo luphazamisekile"

Akekho umuntu omangele ngokulahlekelwa amahora omsebenzi ngoba kufanele aqale kabusha uhlelo lwawo, noma ukuthi idatha yabo iyanyamalala (kanye naleyo yabalingani babo abaningana) ngenxa yesenzo segciwane, noma ulayini umile ngoba ikhompyutha ayiphenduli. Umsebenzisi uyekile emsebenzini, futhi wamukela lezi zinkinga njengengxenye yentengo yokukhokhela ukusetshenziswa kwethuluzi. Kodwa-ke, akukho kulokhu kwehluleka okutholakala kumakhompiyutha: kumane kuyizimpawu ezibonakalayo zokungabi namandla komsebenzisi wokugcina lapho ebhekene nokwehluleka kwendlela abangakwazi ukuyilawula, futhi abathembele kuyo ukuze bakwazi ukuyifeza umsebenzi wabo.

Lokhu kuntuleka kokulawula kufinyelela emazingeni amabi kakhulu. Thatha isibonelo uhlelo lokukhishwa kwepasipoti lwamaFederal Police. Lapho abantu base-Argentina abahlala phesheya benengane ezweni eliphethwe amaJus Sanguinis, ake sithi iJalimane, ingane akuyona eyase-Argentina noma eyaseJalimane, ayinasizwe. IGermany iyenqaba ukukhipha ipasipoti yengane. I-Argentina iyalusakaza, kepha uma kuziwa ekungeneni kobuzwe bengane, lolu hlelo luswele inketho "engenakubalwa", yingakho luthathwa njengesiJalimane, isinqumo esingenakuphikiswa njengokuchaza ukuthi ngumHindu. Ngamafuphi, lapha sinecala lapho ukukhubazeka kohlelo lwesoftware kuguqula khona umthetho.

Isoftware yamahhala ikuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngokufanele nangendlela efanele

Ukhiye wokusebenza ulawula. Isoftware yamahhala ivame kakhulu ukwedlula ozakwabo abaphethe ngoba nje lapho abasebenzisi bethola isici bangasilungisa (noma basilungise) ngokuya ngezintshisakalo zabo. Futhi njengoba ukulungiswa kumahhala, njengohlelo lokuqala, kwanele ukuthi omunye umsebenzisi emhlabeni athole ukufaneleka ukuxazulula inkinga ukuze ixazululwe kubo bonke abanye abantu. Umsebenzisi angakwazi ukuvumelanisa uhlelo nezidingo zakhe ngaphandle kokucela imvume kunoma ngubani, ekhetha isikhathi esinqunyiwe, izabelomali nabahlinzeki ngokuya ngamathuba akhe nezinto eziza kuqala kuye, nokuxazulula izinkinga zakhe unomphela, esikhundleni sokuqhubeka nokulwa nazo nsuku zonke.

Izindleko zeSoftware

Isoftware ayibizi nje intengo yokuthenga yelayisense. Kunzima futhi ukugcina, ukusebenza, ukulungisa. Kubalulekile ukuthi umsebenzisi akwazi ukugcina lezi zindleko zilawulwa, kungenjalo angavinjelwa ekufinyeleleni ezinhlosweni zakhe, ngenxa yezindleko ezingahlelwanga.

Isoftware yamahhala ngeyeMsebenzisi

Imininingwane emnandi yesoftware yamahhala, imiphumela eqondile yezimpawu esesike sakhuluma ngazo, ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kumahhala: noma ngubani onakho angakusebenzisa kaningi ngendlela afuna ngayo, emishinini eminingi njengoba efuna , nganoma yiziphi izinhloso abazifunayo. Ngale ndlela, usebenzisa isoftware yamahhala, umsebenzisi ukhululwa kunoma ikuphi ukuncika kumhlinzeki oyedwa, futhi angakwazi ukuphatha ukukhula nokusebenza kwayo ngokuzimela okuphelele, ngaphandle kokwesaba izindleko ezifihliwe noma ukukhwabanisa.

Umnikazi weBhola

Konke ukungalungi okuqhathaniswayo kwesoftware yokuphathelene maqondana nesoftware yamahhala esishilo kuhunyushwe ngokomonakalo kumnotho womsebenzisi, maqondana namahora okusebenza alahlekile, ukungabi namandla okuphendula, izinqumo eziphoqelelwe, ukuncika kwezobuchwepheshe, ukungavikeleki kwedatha, ukuvuselelwa okungadingekile. , njll. Kwengezwe kulokhu izindleko zokulayisense, zombili ezibonakalayo nezifihliwe.

Ilayisense yokusebenzisa elinganiselwe lapho kuthengiswa khona isoftware yobizo ayibizi nje kuphela, kepha futhi ifaka umsebenzisi ezinkingeni eziningi. Isibonelo, isibopho sokukhokha umhlinzeki wohlelo futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho sandisa ukusebenza kwayo, noma inganikeli ngalutho olusha. Okubi kakhulu, umhlinzeki uphoqa ikhasimende ukuthi lenze ukuhlolwa kwalo maqondana nokusetshenziswa okufanele kwamalayisense. Le nkinga ihlanganiswa ukungabi khona kokuhlinzekwa, ngumnikazi we-copyright, kwamathuluzi asebenzayo okulawula ukusetshenziswa kwesoftware, ukuze kuthi njengoba inani lemishini nabasebenzisi likhuphuka, lokhu kulawula okufanayo kube kubiza kakhulu, kuze kudlule izindleko zelayisense efanayo.

Ngamafuphi: izinzuzo ezithambile. mahhala

Lapho izihloko ezedlule sezike zahlolwa, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo zombili zesoftware (mahhala kanye nokuphathelene), ngokuya ngezici eziyisithupha: ukusebenza, ukuthembeka, ukusebenziseka, ukusebenza kahle, ukukhululeka kokugcinwa nokuphatheka.

I-1 Ukusebenza

"Ukusebenza" yikhono le-software lokuhlangabezana nezidingo zabasebenzisi. Ngoba isoftware ngayinye inezigidi zabasebenzisi ezingabanelisa, isoftware yamahhala neyokuphathelene ithuthukiswa kakhulu (yize iGNU / Linux ikwenze ngesikhathi esincane kakhulu).

Uma kukhulunywa ngesoftware yehhovisi (iningi lethu eliyisebenzisayo), iMicrosoft Office inezici eziningi. Kodwa-ke, abasebenzisi abawuboni neze umehluko nge-OpenOffice (mahhala), ngoba abantu abaningi basebenzisa amathuluzi ayisisekelo kuphela, atholakala kuzo zombili lezi zinhlelo. Endabeni yezinhlelo zokuphatha i-database, isoftware ephathelene inezinzuzo, kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu, kubasebenzisi abaningi balezi zinhlelo inguqulo yamahhala nayo inganela.

Enye inzuzo yesoftware yamahhala maqondana nomnikazi ukuthi amasistimu ayo ajwayelekile, okungukuthi, anokusebenzisana okukhulu. Kuyini ukusebenzisana? Kukhono lohlelo lokushintshanisa imininingwane ngokuhlukile. Lokhu akunjalo nge-software ephathelene, ngoba igcina imininingwane ngemininingwane yangaphakathi yezinhlelo zakho iyimfihlo, futhi kunzima ukuyenza ihambisane neminye imikhiqizo.

2. Ukwethembeka

Ingabe ikhompyutha yakho yake “yaphahlazeka”? Emkhakheni wekhompyutha, "ukwethembeka" yikhono le-software elithembekile, okusho ukuthi, ikhono lalo lokubekezelela ukwehluleka nokululama ngemuva kwalo. Esikhathini esedlule, lokhu bekungukugxekwa okukhulu kwezinhlelo zeWindows kuqhathaniswa ne-GNU / Linux, yize manje sezithuthuke kakhulu, kuze kufike ezingeni lokuthi, ekusetshenzisweni kwehhovisi, akukho mehluko. Uma kukhulunywa ngezinhlelo zokulawulwa kwedatha esebenza kahle kakhulu, isoftware ephathelene nayo ingcono kakhulu.

3. Ukusebenziseka

Ezikhathini zethu, ngemuva kokuvela kwamakhompyutha akho, ukusebenzisa isoftware kufanele kube lula ngangokunokwenzeka. Mayelana nalokhu, isoftware ephathelene nayo isenenzuzo ngaphezu kwamahhala, kepha umehluko uncane futhi ungaphansi. Eqinisweni, kulinganiselwa ukuthi umsebenzisi omusha we-OpenOffice udinga kuphela amahora ambalwa okuhlola ukuze aqale ukukhiqiza imibhalo kalula: ngokubuka, i-GNU / Linux ithuthuke kakhulu kangangokuba ingancintisana neWindows Vista esanda kukhishwa, eyalandela iWindows XP. .

I-4 Ukusebenza kahle

Njengoba igama lalo lisho, "ukusebenza kahle" yikhono lohlelo lokusebenzisa kahle izakhiwo i-PC enazo (i-RAM, i-CPU, isikhala sediski). Emazweni ampofu, njengePeru, amakhompyutha avame ukuba amadala: lokhu kusho ukuthi anesikhala esincane sokugcina idatha ne-RAM encane. Nge-software ephathelene, ubuchwepheshe obubonakalayo budinga izinsiza ezingcono - awukwazi ukufaka iWindows Vista kwiPentium 1 - kepha kwiGNU / Linux kunezinketho ezahlukahlukene, kuya ngeminyaka yama-PC.

5. Ukulula kwesondlo

Isoftware kufanele iguqulwe, njengoba isikhathi sihamba, ukuze ikwazi ukuphendula ngokwanele izidingo ezintsha. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukugcinwa" noma "izibuyekezo." Endabeni yesoftware ephathelene, njengoba ikhodi yomthombo ingekho esidlangalaleni, inkampani ukuphela kwayo engenza lezi zibuyekezo futhi, ngokunengqondo, ayizenzi ngokucela komsebenzisi ngamunye, kepha lapho inkampani uqobo ihlela ukwenza kanjalo.

Kwenzekani nge-software yamahhala kwehlukile. Ngoba ikhodi yomthombo isesidlangalaleni, kunezindlela eziningana zokuphatha izibuyekezo: izinhlangano zinganquma, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi iminyango yazo ye-IT iguqule ikhodi ngokwezidingo zayo; kepha bangaqasha inkampani ezokwenza isondlo esidingekayo. Ngenxa yalokho, isoftware yamahhala iwina lo mzuliswano. 

Isoftware noMbuso

Impikiswano ekhonjiwe impela isebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlangano ezinkulu nezincane. Kepha lokho osomabhizinisi abazimele okulula nje, ngoba uMbuso ubaluleke kakhulu. UMbuso ulawula imininingwane yomphakathi neyangasese mayelana nezakhamizi, kanyekanye nempahla yezakhamizi. Ukungavikeleki kwangaphakathi ekusebenzeni "okuyimfihlo" kwesoftware yokuphathelene kusho ukuveza le datha engcupheni engenakulungiseka yokweba nokuguqulwa.

Futhi ngokubuka kwezenhlalo nakwezamasu, ukusetshenziswa kwesoftware yamahhala kubalulekile. Ukuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa hhayi kuphela intando yeningi yokutholakala kolwazi kanye nezinhlelo zoMbuso, kodwa futhi nokuncintisana komkhakha wesoftware wasendaweni, umthombo ongaba khona womsebenzi wenani eliphakeme elengeziwe. Sikholelwa ukuthi kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lokhu akuyona indlela yokuvikela: kungakhathalekile ukuthi ivela kuphi, kuyindaba yokuthanda isoftware enelayisense ekhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza nokusebenzisana kochwepheshe emvelweni esikhundleni sokubabandlulula, ngenkathi kuvusa ukuncintisana.

Ukuthembela kwezobuchwepheshe okuvelayo ohlotsheni lwe-software yobunikazi akwamukelekile neze kuHulumeni. Sekuvele kunezikhungo ezisonta imithetho ukuze zivumelane nesoftware eziyidayisile. Abakhokhi bentela baphoqeleka ukuthenga isoftware yomkhiqizo othile nemodeli ngenhloso eyodwa yokuhlangabezana nezibopho zethu zentela. UMbuso ubhekene nezinsolo ngokusebenzisa imininingwane ayigcine ngendlela eyimfihlo yokuphatha, ukucekela phansi ubungozi obenziwa ngamabomu, futhi konke lokhu yize amathuluzi nolwazi oludingekayo lukhona ukugwema ukuvezwa yilezi zinkinga.

UMbuso, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo nendima yawo njengomlawuli wezimpahla ezivamile, usengozini enkulu engcupheni ye-software yobunikazi, ngenkathi usesimweni esithile sokuzuza ezinzuzweni zesoftware yamahhala, kanye nokunikela ekuthuthukisweni kwayo. Thatha, isibonelo, izifundazwe, zonke ziqale izinhlelo ezibiza kakhulu zekhompyutha, ezingakha inhlanganisela yokuxhasa ngezimali ukuthuthukiswa kwesisombululo samahhala ezinkingeni zabo, bese sabelana ngaso sonke. UMbuso Kazwelonke usesimweni esifanayo, uma sithembela eqinisweni lokuthi izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zesifunda zebhizinisi elifanayo zidinga amalayisense okusebenzisa isoftware eyengeziwe.

Fuentes:

• http://proposicion.org.ar/doc/razones.html, por Federico Heinz.
• Wikipedia.