Kulimale: inhlamvu eyayingeyona

Uphatheke kabi I-kernel yoqobo yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-GNU kusuka kuphrojekthi yegama elifanayo elasungulwa nguRichard Stallman. Ukuthuthukiswa kweHurd kwaqala ngo-1990, kodwa inguqulo yayo yokugcina ayikaze ikhishwe, kulindeleke ukuthi yenzelwe u-2002. Ngakho-ke, indawo yayo ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-GNU yathathwa yi-Linux kernel.

Kepha empeleni ukuthuthukiswa kukaHurd akuzange kumiswe, njengoba kungabonakala kuvidiyo ekhiqizwa ngamakhodi afudumele athatha yonke iminikelo eyenziwe endaweni yokugcina yeHurd kusuka ngo-1991 kuya ku-2010 futhi ayiguqule ibe yi-3D animation, lapho iphuzu ngalinye limelela ushintsho ifayela elizungeza igama lohlelo olwenzile.

Ngifuna imininingwane eminingi ngeHurd

I-GNU Hurd iqoqo lezinhlelo zeseva ezilingisa i-Unix kernel ebeka isisekelo sohlelo lokusebenza lwe-GNU. Iphrojekthi ye-GNU ibilokhu iyithuthukisa kusukela ngo-1990 njengesoftware yamahhala, iyisabalalisa ngaphansi kwelayisense ye-GPL.

I-Hurd izama ukudlula izinhlamvu ezinjenge-Unix ekusebenzeni, ukuphepha, nokuzinza, ngenkathi ihambisana nazo. Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngenxa yokuthi i-Hurd isebenzisa ukucaciswa kwe-POSIX (phakathi kokunye), kepha isusa imikhawulo engenabulungisa kubasebenzisi.

Ngokungafani nama-cores amaningi afana ne-Unix, i-Hurd yakhiwe ngaphezulu kwe-microkernel (njengamanje iMach kuphela esekelwayo, yize bekukhona iphrojekthi eyekiwe manje yokusebenzisa i-Hurd kusizukulwane sesibili se-L4 microkernel), ebhekele ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zenhlamvu eyisisekelo : ukuxhumanisa ukufinyelela kuzingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha (ku-CPU — ngokusebenzisa ukucubungula okuningi—, kwimemori ye-RAM —ngokuphathwa kwememori—, nakweminye imisindo, imidwebo, amadivayisi wokugcina, njll).

Kunamanye amasistimu afana ne-Unix asebenza ngaphezulu kwe-Mach microkernel, njenge-OSF / 1, NEXTSTEP, Mac OS X, Lites, neMkLinux. Zonke zenziwa njengeseva eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, bashintsha i-monolithic kernel yezinhlelo zendabuko ze-Unix ngezinto ezimbili, i-microkernel neseva ye-Unix.

Esikhundleni salokho, i-Hurd iqukethe amaseva amaningi asebenza ngasikhathi sinye. Esikhundleni sohlelo olulodwa olukhulu olulawula yonke into kusukela ewashini kuye ekuphathweni kwenethiwekhi, ngamunye wale misebenzi eHurd uphathwa yiseva ehlukile. Lokhu kwenza (ngokwethiyori, okungenani) ukuthuthukisa i-Hurd kube lula kakhulu, njengoba ukwenza izinguquko kuseva eyodwa kungenzeka ukuthi kube nemiphumela engafuneki kwamanye amaseva. Kusuka lapha kususelwa isifinyezo esiphindaphindwayo esiphindwe kabili: igama elithi Hurd yisichasiso seHird of Unix-Replacing Daemons (ngeSpanishi: "Hird" yamademoni angena esikhundleni se-Unix). Ngokulandelanayo, igama elithi Hird lisho Ukulimala Kwama-Interfaces Okumelela Ukujula ("Hurd" we-interface amele ukujula). Bobabili uHurd noHird ngesiNgisi saseMelika babizwa ngokuthi umhlambi (ngeSpanishi: umhlambi), ngakho-ke iGNU Hurd ingahunyushwa ngokuthi "umhlambi wezinkonkoni".

Ekuklanyweni kwasekuqaleni kukaMach enye yezinhloso eziyinhloko kwakuyilolu hlobo "lwepulazi leseva", kepha uHurd ubonakala engowokuqala ukusebenzisa lo mklamo kwiMach microkernel (yize iQNX ifana, kepha isuselwa ku-microkernel yayo). Akucaci ukuthi kungani bekungekho ukuthunyelwa kwamaseva amaningi kwangaphambilini, yize kubonakala sengathi amaqembu abesebenza eMach abematasa kakhulu kuMach ukuba azinikele kulo lonke uhlelo lokusebenza. U-Hurd uphinde azame ukuphatheka phakathi kwe-micronuclei.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-Hurd?

Ukusatshalaliswa okusebenza kakhulu kwe-Hurd yilokho okunikezwe yi-Debian. Ngeminye imininingwane, ngiphakamisa ukuthi ubone ikhasi lephrojekthi I-Debian GNU / Hurd.

Futhi, kunezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa i-Hurd:

1.- Ukufaka ukusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU / Hurd. Ngaphandle kukaDebian GNU / Hurd, okuyiwona ozinzile kakhulu futhi osebenzayo, kukhona okunye ukusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU / Hurd: Arch, I-NixOS, Njll

2.- Ukuyiqhuba iphansi Xen. I-Xen iyisiqaphi somshini ovulekile womthombo ovulekile. Inhloso yokuklama ukukwazi ukusebenzisa izimo ezisebenza ngokuphelele zezinhlelo zokusebenza ngendlela esebenza ngokuphelele kukhompyutha eyodwa. I-Xen inikeza ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile, ukulawulwa kwezinsizakusebenza, iziqinisekiso zeQoS, kanye nokufuduka komshini oshisayo. Amasistimu wokusebenza angaguqulwa ngokusobala ukusebenzisa i-Xen (ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuhambisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza zomsebenzisi). Lokhu kunika amandla i-Xen ukufeza ukubonwa kokusebenza okuphezulu ngaphandle kokuxhaswa okukhethekile kwehadiwe.

3.- Ukuyisebenzisa kusuka ku- isithombe qemu noma kusuka ku I-LiveCD.

Futhi lawa makhasi ewebhu angubufakazi obuphilayo bokusebenziseka kwe-Hurd, njengoba kunikezwe ohlelweni lwe-Debian GNU / Hurd.

Fuentes: Uphatheke kabi &  Wikipedia