Ungazifaka kanjani izinhlelo zokusebenza ku-Linux

Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizocubungula izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokufaka uhlelo ku-Linux. Uma ucabanga ukuthi Ubuntu ukusatshalaliswa okuthandwa kakhulu kweLinux, ikakhulukazi kulabo abaqala nje "ukungena" ezweni le "Linux", le mini-tutorial, ebhekiswe ngqo "kubaqalayo", izogxila kuphela ku-Ubuntu . Noma kunjalo, lesi sifundo sisebenza kuwo wonke ama-distros ase-Debian ne-Ubuntu (ngoba wonke asebenzisa amaphakheji we-.DEB), kanti ezinye izinhlelo nemibono ejwayelekile izosebenza nakwamanye ama-distros.

Ku-Ubuntu kunezindlela eziningana zokufaka, ukususa noma ukuvuselela izinhlelo zohlelo.
Qaphela ukuthi akuzona zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezitholakalayo ze-Ubuntu ezitholakala ngokuzenzakalela ukuthi zifakwe. Kuzodingeka ukunika amandla kungenzeka kokufaka izinhlelo ezithile ngesandla.
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza yilezi:

• Isikhungo se-Ubuntu Software. Uhlelo lokusebenza olulula ongangeza noma ususe amaphakheji kusuka kusistimu yakho ngendlela elula kakhulu.
• Uhlelo I-Synaptic. Nge-Synaptic uzokwazi ukulawula ngaphezulu izinhlelo ozifaka ohlelweni. Kanye nenani elikhulu labo. QAPHELA: I-Synaptic njengamanje isebenzisa i-apt-get.
• Uhlelo Ukwemukela. I-Adept inguqulo ye-Synaptic ye-KDE, efakwe ku-Kubuntu.
• Izinhlelo ukuthola noma ukufaneleka. Lezi yizinhlelo ezithuthuke kakhulu ezisebenza ngemodi yokugcina. Banamandla amakhulu futhi futhi bakuvumela ukuthi ungeze futhi ususe izinhlelo ezivela ohlelweni phakathi kwezinye izinto. (Ukufaneleka kuphelele kunokutholakala, ikhumbula imitapo yolwazi elandiwe bese iyayikhipha uma yehlisiwe). Ukubuka usizo nganoma yiluphi uhlelo olusebenza ngemodi yokugcina: (man nombre_del_programa). Isibonelo: man aptitude
• Amaphakheji weDeb. Amafayela ane-.deb extension angamaphakeji wohlelo lokusebenza aselungiselelwe ukufakwa kalula kuhlelo lwakho lwe-Ubuntu.
• Amafayela kanambambili. Amafayela ane-.bin extension yizinhlelo ezisebenzisekayo ku-Linux.
• Qalisa amafayela. Amafayela anokwandiswa kwe- .run imvamisa angabathakathi bokufakwa ku-Linux.

Manje sesizobona ngamunye wabo ngokuhluka kwawo.

Ngezinhlelo

Isikhungo se-Ubuntu Software

Uhlelo Isikhungo Sobuntu be-Ubuntu kuyindlela elula ku-Ubuntu ukufaka noma ukususa izinhlelo. Kubuye kube nomkhawulo kakhulu.

Ungathola uhlelo ku- Imenyu yezicelo> Ubuntu Software Center

(1) Ukufaka izinhlelo, khetha esinye sezigaba eziboniswe kusikrini esikhulu sohlelo. Lokhu kuzobuyekeza iwindi elibonisa izinhlelo ezitholakala kuleso sigaba. Manje kufanele uthole uhlelo ofuna ukulifaka bese uluchofoza kabili kulo. Iwindi lizokhombisa incazelo yalo futhi lizokunikeza inketho yokuyifaka ngokucindezela inkinobho yokufaka.

(2) Uma ungazi ukuthi uhlelo olufunayo lukusiphi isigaba. Faka igama lesicelo ofuna ukulifaka ebhokisini lokusesha ngakwesokudla phezulu. Njengoba ubhala igama lohlelo, uhlu lwabangenele ukhetho luzoncishiswa, uze uthole lowo obukade umfuna.

(3) Ngokuchofoza ku- "Kufakiwe Isoftware" ngakwesobunxele, uzofinyelela kuhlu lwazo zonke izinhlelo ozifakile ohlelweni. Uma ufuna ukukhipha noma iyiphi yazo. Vele uchofoze kabili kulo bese iwindi lizobuyekeza likukhombise incazelo yohlelo bese likunikeza ithuba lokulikhipha.

Lapha ungayibona ichazwa ngefomethi yevidiyo.

Umphathi wephakheji ye-Synaptic

I-Synaptic Kuluhlelo oluthuthukisiwe ukufaka noma ukususa izinhlelo kusuka kusistimu yakho. Imvelo iyacacisa, njengakwi-Ubuntu Software Center, kepha inamandla kakhulu. Nge-Synaptic unolawulo oluphelele lwamaphakeji (ama -apps) afakwe kusistimu yakho.

Ukuze usebenzise i-Synaptic khetha Uhlelo -> Ukuphatha -> iSinaptic Package Manager. Lo mphathi wephakheji uzosivumela ukuthi sifake, sifake futhi sisuse amaphakheji ngendlela elula kakhulu yokuqhafaza.

Isikrini se-Synaptic sehlukaniswe izigaba ezi-4.

Okubili okubaluleke kakhulu uhlu lwemikhakha (1) ohlangothini lwesobunxele nalolo lwamaphakeji (3) Ngakwesokudla.

Ukukhetha iphakheji ohlwini kuzobonisa incazelo yalo (4).

Ukufaka iphakheji ungakhetha isigaba, chofoza kwesokudla kwiphakeji oyifunayo bese ukhetha "shayela ukufaka"Noma yenza qhafaza kabili egameni lephakheji.

Maka ngale ndlela wonke amaphakheji ofuna ukuwafaka ohlelweni bese uqhafaza Faka isicelo ukuze uqhubeke nokufakwa kwawo. I-Synaptic manje izolanda amaphakheji adingekayo kumakhosombe akwi-inthanethi noma kwi-CD yokufaka.

Ungasebenzisa futhi inkinobho yokuSesha ukuthola amaphakheji ofuna ukuwafaka.

Ngokuchofoza inkinobho yokusesha, singasesha izinhlelo ngamagama noma ngencazelo. Lapho uhlelo esifuna ukulufaka selutholakala, siluchofoza kabili ukuze silufake. Uma sifuna ukususa uhlelo, okumele sikwenze ukuchofoza kwesokudla kuso bese ukhetha ukususa noma ukususa ngokuphelele.

Ukuze izinguquko zisetshenziswe, kuyadingeka ukuthi uchofoze kunkinobho ethi Faka isicelo.

Uhlelo lokufaka isoftware ku-Ubuntu lunamandla kakhulu futhi luyahlukahluka. Ngaphakathi kwamakhosombe izinhlelo zihlelwe "kumaphakeji". Iphakheji ngayinye inezinye ezincike ekusebenzeni kwayo okufanele. I-Synaptic inakekela ukuxazulula lokhu kuncika futhi ikufakele amaphakheji adingekayo. Kepha hhayi lokho kuphela. Kumaphakeji wohlelo lokusebenza, amanye amaphakheji akhonjisiwe nokuthi yize engadingekile kuhlelo lokusebenza esifuna ukulifaka ukuze lusebenze, alusizo. Lezi yizona "amaphakheji anconyiwe".

Singakwazi ukumisa iSinaptic ukubheka lawa maphakeji «kunconyiwe»Sengathi bekungukuncika futhi ngenxa yalokho futhi kuzokufaka ngokuzenzakalela.

Qala i-Synaptic bese uya ku- Amasethingi> Okuncamelayo, kuthebhu General Bheka ibhokisi elithi "Phatha amaphakheji anconyiwe njengokuncika".

Lapha ungayibona ichazwa ngefomethi yevidiyo.

Umpetha wochwepheshe onolwazi

Abasebenzisi beKubuntu banokulingana kwe-Synaptic, ebizwa Umpetha wochwepheshe onolwazi. Ingatholakala kwimenyu I-KDE> Uhlelo> Umphathi Wezazi. Ukusebenza kufana kakhulu ne-Synaptic.

Usebenzisa ibhokisi lokusesha ungasesha amaphakheji ngamagama nangencazelo yawo. Ngokuchofoza kabili entweni yomphumela wohlu, kumakwa ukufaka.
Ungabona ukuncika kwephakeji ngokubheka izakhiwo zayo ("imininingwane").

Singakwazi ukuphatha izinqolobane ngobuchule ngokuchofoza kumenyu enekhono bese siphatha amakhosombe

Isoftware ka-Kubuntu : nakhu (okuyinhloko, indawo yonke, kuvinjelwe, ukwahlukahluka) nokukodwa lapho amakhodi womthombo akhona, kanye nemenyu yokudonsela phansi ongakhetha kuyo noma kuliphi iseva esizolanda kuyo.

Isoftware Yenkampani Yangaphandle: Lapha singafaka amakhosombe angeziwe wesithathu noma i-cdrom.

Updates: Ukubuyekezwa kukaKubuntu, singakhetha izibuyekezo ezizobukezwa ngabangcweti, siphinde silungiselele izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo, singakhetha ukuzifaka ngaphandle kokusazisa, sizilande buthule noma nje sazise ukuthi kunezibuyekezo.

Ukufakazela ubuqiniso: Nazi izihluthulelo zamasiginesha wamafayela esiwalanda kumakhosombe, futhi uma sithola indawo yokugcina evela eceleni esithandayo nesiphatha amasiginesha singayifaka ngokulanda ifayela lesiginesha kusuka kuwebhusayithi noma i-ftp kunoma iyiphi inkomba bese uyingenisa noma sifaka ngokuchofoza inkinobho "Ngenisa Ifayela Lokhiye ..."

Ngemuva kokungeza noma ukususa amakhosombe ukuze uhlelo luthathe izinguquko kufanele sichofoze kunkinobho yokubuyekeza isheke.

ukufaneleka nokuthola kahle

Yize sikwazi ukufaka izinhlelo ngokusobala, njengoba sibonile kumaphoyinti angaphambilini, singahlala sisebenzisa i-terminal ukufaka noma yiluphi uhlelo.

Kubasebenzisi abaningi abasha le nketho ingahle ibonakale iyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe futhi iyindida ethile. Akukho okunye okuqhubekayo kusuka eqinisweni; lapho usujwayela kuba mnandi kakhulu, kulula futhi kuyashesha.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokufaka izinhlelo kumodi yombhalo: nge ukufaneleka futhi nge uthole kahle.

Zombili lezi zinhlelo ziyafana, ngaphandle kwemininingwane eyodwa: ukufaneleka kukhumbula ukuncika okusetshenziswe ekufakweni kwephakeji. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ufaka noma uvuselela uhlelo lokusebenza ngokufaneleka bese ufuna ukukhipha, ukufaneleka kuzosusa uhlelo kanye nakho konke ukuncika kwalo (ngaphandle kokuthi kusetshenziswa amanye amaphakheji). Uma ifakwe nge-apt-get noma imvelo yokuqhafaza ye-Synaptic, ukukhipha kuzosusa kuphela iphakheji echaziwe, kepha hhayi ukuncika.


Sebenzisa
Sivula ukuphela nge Izicelo -> Izesekeli -> Itheminali.

• Faka amaphakheji:

$ sudo apt-get ukufaka

• Khipha amaphakheji:

$ sudo apt-get ukususa

• Khipha amaphakheji (kufaka phakathi amafayela wokumisa):

$sudo apt-get purge

• Vuselela uhlu lwamaphakeji atholakalayo:

$ sudo uthole-uthole isibuyekezo

• Vuselela uhlelo ngezibuyekezo ezitholakalayo zephakeji:

$ sudo apt-uthole ukuthuthukiswa

• Thola uhlu lwezinketho zomyalo:

$ sudo uthole usizo

Faka amaphakheji ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi

Kukhompuyutha ene-intanethi nokuthi uhlelo / iphakethe esilifunayo alifakiwe, singalanda amaphakheji kanye nokuncika kwawo (okungafakiwe kakade) sisebenzisa le miyalo emibili:

I-sudo aptitude ihlanzekile i-sudo apt-install -d package_name

Lapho sifaka iphakheji ngokufaneleka / ukufaneleka, lihlala kufolda ethile. Ngomyalo wokuqala esikwenzayo ukususa lawa mapakeji kusuka kukhompyutha (akuthinti ukufaka okuvele kwenziwe).

Umyalo wesibili uzolanda iphakheji ebesiyifuna kanye nokuncika okudingayo, kepha ngeke kuyifake. Manje siya ku - "/ var / cache / apt / archives" bese ubona lawa mapakeji. Siyazikopisha, siziyise kukhompyutha engenakho ukuxhumana bese sizifaka ngokuchofoza kabili kulowo nalowo kuzo noma kukhonsoli:

I-sudo dpkg -i package_name

Khumbula ukuthi uma kunokuncika, kuzofanela ufake lokhu kuqala. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi okunye kwalokhu kuncika bekuvele kufakiwe kukhompyutha nge-inthanethi, ukuze kungalandwa.

Uma ikhompyutha ene-inthanethi isivele iyifakile, ingakhishwa kusetshenziswa i- "aptitude remove" (ngaphandle kokuhlanza) bese sisusa i- "-d" Kamuva "ekufakeleni ukufaneleka". Ngale ndlela siyikhipha kuqala bese siyilayisha bese siyifaka. Ngale ndlela ikhompyutha ene-intanethi izoqhubeka nokuba nohlelo ngokufana ncamashi nokuyikhipha.

Ukuxazulula nokuvimbela izinkinga ezikhona zokuncika singaya kwi-Synaptic yekhompyutha ene-inthanethi, sibheka iphakethe esilifunayo, sichofoza kwesokudla kwiphakheji okukhulunywa ngayo, singena Ama-propiedades bese ukhetha ithebhu Ukuncipha. Lapho sibona amaphakheji esidinga ukufaka kahle iphakheji kukhompyutha ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi.

Ngokuzikhethela, singalanda futhi amadiski e-debian aqukethe izinhlelo eziningi namaphakeji we-.deb, okwenza ahambisane nobuntu, sifaka kuphela umsuka wesoftware bese uchofoza ku-add cd-rom.

Usebenzisa amafayela

Amaphakheji weDeb

Enye indlela yokufaka izinhlelo kuhlelo ngamaphakeji aselungiselelwe ukufakwa nangokwandiswa .deb.
Ukufaka la mapakeji kufanele ukwenze nje qhafaza kabili kufayela elikusiphequluli se-Nautilus futhi uhlelo lokusebenza luzokwethula ngokuzenzakalela gdebi, Ezobhekela ukufaka iphakheji futhi ibheke ukuncika kwamanye amaphakheji engayidinga ukufakwa kwayo okulungile.

Uma sithanda, zingafakwa futhi zisebenzisa umugqa womyalo, zisebenzisa umyalo dpkg:

Sudo dpkg -i .deb

Kulokhu kuzodingeka nokuthi ufake ngesandla ukuncika okungenzeka kwephakeji.
Umyalo ofanayo ungasetshenziswa ukukhipha iphakheji:

Sudo dpkg -r

Guqula amaphakheji we-RPM abe yi-Deb

Okunye ukusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU / Linux, okufana neRed Hat, SUSE, neMandriva, kusebenzisa amaphakheji we-.rpm, ahlelwe ngokwehlukile kumaphakeji we-Debian ne-Ubuntu .deb.

Ukufaka lawa maphakeji kufanele uqale uwaguqulele kufomethi ye-.deb. Ngalokhu isicelo sisetshenziswa alien, engafakwa kusetshenziswa enye yezindlela ezichazwe kule ndatshana. Uhlelo lokusebenza alien isetshenziswa kanjena:

Sivula ukuphela (Izicelo> Izesekeli> Itheminali) bese wenza lo myalo olandelayo:

Sudo alien .rpm

Ngale ndlela, uhlelo lwakha ifayili elinegama lephakeji, kepha ngesandiso se-.deb, esingafakwa ngokulandela incazelo yamaphakheji we-Deb.

Amaphakheji we-Autopackage (extension .package)

Le phrojekthi Ukuzenzakalela wazalwa enombono wokusiza ukufakwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kuLinux kungakhathalekile ukuthi zisatshalaliswa kanjani futhi zisebenzisa ideskithophu. Kungakho amaphrojekthi amaningi ayisebenzisa, njenge-Inkscape.

Ukufaka ifayela le-.package okokuqala ngqa kulula kakhulu. Vele ulandele imiyalo engezansi (ikhasi lephrojekthi likhombisa nokuthi kanjani).

Uma ifayili selilandiwe, kufanele silinikeze izimvume zokwenza, chofoza kabili kufayela nakwisaziso ebuza kulo Ngabe ufuna ukusebenzisa __ noma ukubuka okuqukethwe kwayo? kumele chofoza Gijima. Uma lokhu sekwenziwe, isifaki sohlelo sizoqala Ukuzenzakalela nokuqukethwe kwephakheji.
Lapho uhlelo lufakiwe Ukuzenzakalela, ifayela elilandelayo lolu hlobo ofuna ukulifaka, mane ulichofoze kabili kulo ngaphandle kokwenza noma yini engenhla.

Amafayela kanambambili

Amafayela ane-.bin extension ngamafayela kanambambili. Aqukethe isethi yezinhlelo noma imitapo yolwazi efana namaphakeji, kepha uhlelo uqobo. Imvamisa, izinhlelo zentengiso zisatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwalolu hlelo, olungaba mahhala noma lungabi mahhala, kepha imvamisa alukho mahhala.
Lapho silanda ifayela lalolu hlobo futhi siligcina ohlelweni, ngeke libe nemvume yokuqalisa.

Into yokuqala okufanele siyenze, ngakho-ke, ukunikeza lelo fayela imvume yokusebenza. Sibonisa imenyu yokuqukethwe kwefayela bese sikhetha inketho Ama-propiedades. Sikhetha ithebhu Izimvume futhi sizobona ukuthi ifayili lifundile futhi labhala izimvume zomnikazi kepha hhayi ukwenziwa. Senza ibhokisi ukuthi linikeze izimvume zokwenza futhi sivale iwindi.

Ukwenza okufanayo kusuka ku-terminal:

Sinikeza izimvume zokwenza ifayili:

I-sudo chmod + x .bin

$ sudo ./.bin

sh ./.gijima

sudo sh ./.gijima

tar xvzf sensors-applet-0.5.1.tar.gz cd sensors-applet-0.5.1 ./configure --prefix = / usr make sudo checkinstall