Ungawathola kanjani amachweba avulekile kwikhompyutha noma kumzila wethu

Ukuhwebelana kwesigelekeqe kufaka phakathi, phakathi kweminye yemisebenzi yaso ejwayelekile, ukuxhashazwa (noma ukwenziwa) kokwehluleka kuzinsizakalo ezivulwa izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene "ngaphandle". Lezi zinsizakalo zivula amachweba lapho kungenzeka ukuthi zikwazi ukufinyelela ohlelweni. Kulesi mini-tutorial sizofunda okwengeziwe ngamachweba, ukuthi asebenza kanjani nokuthi singabona kanjani ukuthi yimaphi amachweba esivulekile.

Imbobo iyindlela ejwayelekile yokuqamba isikhombimsebenzisi lapho izinhlobo zedatha zingathunyelwa futhi zamukelwe. Isixhumi esibonakalayo singaba sohlobo lomzimba, noma kungaba sezingeni lesoftware (ngokwesibonelo, amachweba avumela ukudluliswa kwedatha phakathi kwezinto ezahlukahlukene) (bheka ngezansi ukuthola eminye imininingwane), lapho-ke igama elithi port enengqondo livame ukusetshenziswa. .

Amachweba aphathekayo

Imbobo ebonakalayo yileso sixhumi esibonakalayo, noma ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi, okukuvumela ukuthi uxhume ngokomzimba izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamadivayisi njengama-monitors, amaphrinta, ama-scanner, ama-hard drive angaphandle, amakhamera edijithali, ama-pen drives, njll ... Lokhu kuxhumana kunamagama athile.

Imbobo yomkhiqizo netheku elihambisanayo

I-port port iyindlela yokuxhumana phakathi kwamakhompiyutha nezingxenye lapho ulwazi ludluliselwa khona kancane kancane ngendlela elandelanayo, okusho ukuthi, ukuthumela into eyodwa ngasikhathi (ngokungafani ne-port3 efanayo ethumela izingcezwana eziningana ngasikhathi sinye) .

Imbobo ye-PCI

Amachweba we-PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) yizindawo zokunwebisa kubhodi yomama yekhompyutha lapho ungaxhuma khona amakhadi ozwakala, amakhadi evidiyo, amakhadi enethiwekhi, njll. I-PCI slot isasetshenziswa nanamuhla futhi singathola ezimbalwa izingxenye (iningi) ngefomethi ye-PCI.

Imbobo ye-PCI Express

Imbobo ye-PCI Express ifaka izithuthukisi ezintsha ekucacisweni kwe-PCIe 3.0 okubandakanya ukwandiswa okuningi ukukhulisa ubuqotho besiginali nedatha, kufaka phakathi ukudluliswa kwamafayela nokulawulwa kokwamukelwa, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-PLL, ukubuyiswa kwedatha yewashi, nezithuthukisi amashaneli, aqinisekisa ukuhambisana nobungcweti bamanje.

Imbobo yememori

Amakhadi wememori we-RAM axhunywe kulezi zimbobo Amachweba wememori lawo machweba, noma amatheku, lapho kungafakwa khona amakhadi ememori amasha, ukuze kwandiswe amandla afanayo.

Imbobo engenantambo

Ukuxhumeka kulolu hlobo lwamachweba kwenziwa, ngaphandle kwesidingo sezintambo, ngokuxhumana phakathi kwe-emitter nesamukeli kusetshenziswa amagagasi kagesi. Uma imvamisa yegagasi, esetshenziswe ekuxhumekeni, isendaweni ye-infrared, ibizwa ngokuthi i-infrared port. Uma imvamisa esetshenziswa ekuxhumekeni ingokwejwayelekile kumaza erediyo kuzoba itheku le-Bluetooth.

Inzuzo yalolu xhumo lokugcina ukuthi umthumeli nomamukeli akudingeki babhekiswe maqondana ngokuhlobene komunye nomunye ukuze uxhumano lusungulwe. Lokhu akunjalo nge-infrared port. Kulokhu, amadivayisi kufanele "abonane", futhi ayikho into okufanele ifakwe phakathi kwabo njengoba ukuxhumana kungaphazanyiswa.

Imbobo ye-USB

I-Plug & Play ngokuphelele, okusho ukuthi, ngokuxhuma nje idivayisi futhi "kushise" (kufakwe ikhompyutha), le divayisi iyaziwa, futhi ifakiwe, ngokushesha. Kudingeka kuphela ukuthi i-Operating System ifake umshayeli ohambisanayo noma umshayeli. Inejubane lokudlulisa eliphakeme uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamachweba. Ngekhebula le-USB akudluliswa kuphela idatha; kungenzeka futhi ukunika amandla amadivayisi wangaphandle. Ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwalesi silawuli yi-2.5 Watts.

Amachweba anengqondo

Leli igama elinikezwe indawo, noma indawo, yememori yekhompyutha ehlotshaniswa nechweba elibonakalayo noma nesiteshi sokuxhumana, futhi enikeza isikhala sokugcinwa kwemininingwane yesikhashana okufanele kudluliswe phakathi kwendawo. imemori kanye nesiteshi sokuxhumana.

Kumvelo ye-Intanethi, itheku yinani elisetshenziswayo, kumodeli yesendlalelo sezokuthutha, ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezingaxhuma kumsingathi ofanayo, noma esiteshini.

Yize iningi lamachweba linikezwa ngokuthanda, amachweba athile abelwa, ngokuhlangana, kwezinye izicelo ezithile noma izinsizakalo zemvelo yonke. Eqinisweni, i-IANA (i-Intanethi Ebelwe Izinombolo Zesiphathimandla) inquma ukunikezwa kwawo wonke amachweba phakathi kwamanani [0, 1023]. Isibonelo, i-telnet yesevisi yokuxhuma okukude, esetshenziswa kwi-Intanethi, ihlotshaniswa ne-port 23. Ngakho-ke, kunethebula lamachweba anikezwe kuleli banga lamanani. Izinsizakalo nezinhlelo zokusebenza zifakiwe kuhlu olubiziwe Izabelo zePort ezikhethiwe.

Ungawathola kanjani amachweba avulekile anengqondo?

Kulula, kufanele ufake uhlelo lwe-nmap, olufakwe ezinqolobaneni zawo wonke ama-distros athandwayo.

Ku-Ubuntu, lokhu kuzoba kanjena:

sudo apt-get ukufaka nmap

Uma usufakiwe, kufanele nje uyisebenzise ngokucacisa i-IP noma igama elingelona iqiniso lekhompyutha noma i-router esifuna ukuyiqinisekisa. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ukubheka amachweba avulekile kwikhompyutha yakho, ngabhala:

nmap indawo yasendaweni

Ukwenza uhlu lwamachweba avulekile ku-router yakho (uma kwenzeka usebenzisa eyodwa), dlulisa i-IP yayo njengepharamitha, esikhundleni se localhost. Endabeni yami, bekubukeka kanjena:

I-nmap 192.168.0.1

Fuentes: Wikipedia