Usebenzisa i-RT kernel (i-latency ephansi)

UMiguel Mayol, umlandeli omkhulu nomhlaziyi wale bhulogi, uncome isihloko esishicilelwe ku- I-Hispasonic ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlamvu ze-RT, esinqume ukuzishicilela futhi sizinwebise kwezinye izingxenye zayo. I-Los Izinhlamvu ze-RT vumela i- ukusebenza kahle kwezinye izimo ezithileIsibonelo, ukuhlela umsindo noma ukusebenzisa izinsimbi zomculo ezibonakalayo.

Isikhwebu semisebenzi eminingi

I-kernel ye-Linux, njengaleyo yezinhlelo eziningi zesimanje zokusebenza, is multitasking. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezinhlelo eziningi ezisebenza ngasikhathi sinye.

Eqinisweni, lokhu akunjalo impela. Okwenzayo ukubeka izinhlelo kulayini futhi, ngamunye ngamunye, i-microprocessor iyazisebenzisa isikhathi esithile. Lapho lokhu sekuphelile, i-microprocessor iphazamisa umsebenzi, iwushiye uhhafu, bese ungena komunye olandelayo. Leli nani lesikhathi libizwa ngokuthi yi-quantum noma ucezu lwesikhathi, futhi akudingeki ukuthi luhlale lukhona.

Isifaniso esihle kungaba ngumpheki osebhavini elungisa izitsha eziningana ngasikhathi sinye: isangweji le-loin, isemishi eliluhlaza, isaladi elixubekile ... Manje ngiphula isinkwa, ngivule ipani, ngenkathi kusashisa ngigeza ulethisi, njll.

Uma i-quantum incane ngokwanele, okucatshangwayo komuntu obuka kancane, njengomuntu, ukuthi esikhundleni seprosesa esheshayo yokwenza imisebenzi ngenye indlela sineprosesa ehamba kancane ngayinye yazo (abapheki abaningana ekhishini elifanayo benza kancane ngamunye ipuleti elilodwa).

Ukushintshwa komsebenzi kuza ngezindleko

Ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi akuyona mahhala: kufaka phakathi iprosesa ngaphezulu. Ngempela, ukukhipha umsebenzi owodwa nokulayisha okulandelayo kungumsebenzi owengeziwe. Lo msebenzi ubizwa ngokuthi 'ukushintshwa komongo' noma 'ukushintshwa komsebenzi'. Kungabiza kakhulu ngokuya nge-CPU ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ngokuphelele, ngamunye ngamunye, kunokuzisika zibe 'izingcezu' bese weqa usuka komunye uye komunye. Kodwa-ke, uhlelo luzolahlekelwa ukusebenzisana, besingenakuba nama-windows amaningi avulekile noma, esimweni seseva, sinakekele izicelo eziningi ngasikhathi sinye.

Ukubambezeleka nokusebenza

Ake sithi umpheki wethu kufanele acwebe amakhilogremu angama-20 futhi agxobe ama-kilos angama-20 eminqumo. Uhlelwa kanjani umsebenzi?

Esimweni esibi kakhulu, wayeqala ngokuxebula wonke ama-prawn, ageze izandla zakhe ukugwema ukuxuba ukunambitheka, bese egxuma yonke iminqumo. Sizoyimela kanjena:

I-GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG… C AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA…

Ngokweqile okuphambene, wayehlanza i-prawn, ageze izandla, afake umnqumo, ageze izandla zakhe ... i-prawn, i-olive, i-prawn, i-olive ... Sizoyimela kanjena:

GCACGCACGCACGCACGCACGCACGCACGCACGCACGCGCACGCACGCACGCACGCACGCAC…

I-'C 'imele ushintsho kumongo: hlamba izandla, shintsha izitsha ...

Ngasikhathi sinye, uweta uqoqa izicelo zamakhasimende: "One onama-prawn!" ... "One oneminqumo!" ... bese ewadlulisela ekhishini.

Esimweni sokuqala, ake sithi ikhasimende lingena licele ingxenye yezimfanzi. Akunankinga, kunikezwa ngokushesha. Kepha kuthiwani uma ecela iminqumo? Uweta akakwazanga ukukuphaka kuze kube yilapho wonke ama-prawn exoshiwe. Kulokhu, i-latency, okuyisikhathi esidlula lapho kwenziwa isicelo kuze kube yilapho iphendulwa, ingaba phezulu kakhulu.

Esimweni sesibili, noma yini iklayenti eliyifunayo, izotholakala ngesikhathi esifushane, futhi ngokufanayo ngokufanayo kuzo zombili izimo. Ukubambezeleka kuzoba phansi, kepha kube ngezindleko: ngenxa yezinguquko zesimo kuzoba nokwehla kokusebenza, okuqondwa njengengxenye yesikhathi lapho i-CPU yenza khona imisebenzi ekhiqiza ngqo, esikhundleni semisebenzi yokusekela.

Ngokusobala kuleli cala isixazululo esikahle kungaba yindawo ephakathi nendawo, ezoncika kubukhulu besabelo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezibalo zezicelo. Ithiyori yomugqa igatsha lezibalo eliphethe ukutadisha lezi zimo futhi libanikeze izixazululo ezilungile.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukubambezeleka nokusebenza kungukuphikisana. Ngalesi sizathu akulungile ukusho ukuthi ama-rt kernels anika ukusebenza okuningi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukwehlisa i-latency kunciphisa ukusebenza komshini ngakho-ke kuyinketho engeyinhle yezinhlelo ezingadingi izimpendulo ezisheshayo, ezinjenge-web noma i-database server.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinhlamvu zokubambezeleka eziphansi zilungile ezimeni lapho kudingeka khona isivinini esikhulu sokuphendula ezintweni zangaphandle, ezinjengezinhlelo zokulawula izimboni noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisanayo zemultimedia, sazi ukuthi sidela ingxenye yamandla omshini ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukusabela okusheshayo .

Izinto eziza kuqala

Inketho ethokozisayo ezinhlelweni eziningi zokwenza imisebenzi ezahlukahlukene kuqala, ngendlela yokuthi ezibaluleke kakhulu zithola isikhathi esithe xaxa kusuka ku-processor kanye nezingabalulekile kangako. Kernel ejwayelekile lokhu kwenziwa ngomyalo 'omuhle'. Uma umpheki wethu elindele ukuphakela ama-prawn amaningi kuneminqumo, uzobe enza kahle ngokuchitha isikhathi esithe xaxa kokudala.

I-Kernel RT (noma i-latency ephansi)

Inkinga ngezinhlamvu ezijwayelekile ukuthi imisebenzi ayikwazi ukuphazanyiswa noma ikuphi, kufanele ulinde ukuthi ifinyelele ezindaweni ezithile lapho ingamiswa khona ukuze ishintshele kokunye. Lokhu wethula esikubiza ngokuthi yi-latency.

Ukukubeka ngendlela elula, ama-RT kernels avumela ukuphazamisa imisebenzi ezindaweni eziningi kunezinhlamvu ezijwayelekile. Bangakwazi, ngomqondo wokusho, izingcezu zesikhathi esincanyana, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wamanje uzokhishwa ngokushesha okukhulu futhi umsebenzi wethu obalulekile uzokwazi ukufinyelela i-CPU ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke i-latency izoba phansi.

Ake sithi i-RT kernel isivumela ukuthi sishiye imfanzi ehlutshiwe uhhafu uma lokho okudingeka ngokuphuthumayo ngaleso sikhathi ukufaka umnqumo ngokushesha okukhulu, ngenkathi ku-kernel ejwayelekile kungadingeka ukuqeda ukuhluba le shrimp.

Ngaphezu kokwenza izingcezu zibe zincane, izinhlamvu ze-RT zinohlelo olubaluleke kakhulu, lapho imisebenzi ebekwa eqhulwini ingazisiki ngokungenazwelo (izama) ukuthola ukulawula i-CPU, inciphise ezinye izinhlelo noma yini edingekayo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho.

Kubalulekile nini ukusebenzisa i-RT kernel?

Ezimweni ezimbili:

1) Lapho sidinga ama-latency aphansi kakhulu, okungukuthi, ukusabela okusheshayo komshini. Isibonelo esicacile ukusebenza kwezinsimbi ezibonakalayo, lapho udinga khona ukuthi insimbi ikhale ngokushesha lapho ucindezela ukhiye kukhibhodi ye-MIDI.

2) Lapho sidinga izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, okungukuthi, ukuthi umsebenzi wethu obaluleke kakhulu awuphazanyiswa yinoma yini emhlabeni (ngaphandle kwalapho kwenzeka inhlekelele ukuthi i-CPU ilayishwe ngokweqile ize idlule ukusetshenziswa okungu-100%). Isibonelo, siqopha iseshini yomsindo ne-Ardor futhi sibuke izinkomba ze-fader zehla zenyuka. Akunandaba ukuthi silahlekelwa uhlaka lokuvuselela lwamafader inqobo nje uma ukuthuthwa komsindo kusuka kumakrofoni kuya kwi-hard disk kungaphazanyiswa. I-kernel ye-RT izokwehlisa ukuvuselelwa kwe-fader inqobo nje uma kunesidingo uma nje kungekho nesampula eyodwa yomsindo elahlekile.

Lokho kusho ukuthi, ngokuvamile izinhlamvu ezintsha ezingewona ama-RT zikwenze ngcono kakhulu uhlelo lwazo lokuhlela kanye nokuphathwa kwezinto ezibalulekile. Uma ungenayo i-CPU emkhawulweni wamathuba ayo (yisho ukusetshenziswa okungaphansi kwama-50%) noma uma ungazi ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile kukhona ukusika okuncane okuncane (chofoza) ngomsindo (i-xruns esatshwa kakhulu), i-kernel okujwayelekile kunikeza ukusebenza okwamukelekayo ngokuphelele.

Yikuphi ukubambezeleka okululekayo?

Ngokwami, noma yini engaphansi kwe-10 ms ingilungele futhi kusuka kuma-20 ms sengivele ngiqala ukubona ukubambezeleka ngokusobala. Kunabantu abafuna ngenkani kakhulu.

Ukufakwa

Ku-Ubuntu nakokuphuma kokunye:

sudo apt-get ukufaka i-linux-headers-lowlatency
sudo apt-get ukufaka i-linux-lowlatency
sudo update-grub

Ekuqaleni, uzoba nezinketho zombili (i-kernel ejwayelekile kanye ne-latency ephansi eyodwa).

Ku-Arch nakokuphuma kokunye:

i-yaourt -S linux-rt
sudo update-grub

Umthombo: I-Hispasonic