Usebenzisa umyalo we-dd

Umyalo we-dd (Dataset Definition) uyithuluzi elilula, eliwusizo, futhi elilula ukusebenzisa; Ngaleli thuluzi ungenza okufanayo, kumadivayisi: amadiski nokwahlukanisa, njengezinhlelo zokuhweba ezinjengeNorton Ghost, kwiWindows noma izinhlelo zamahhala njengeCloneZilla, kuLinux, ngomugqa omfishane womyalo.

I-syntax eyisisekelo:

I-syntax eyisisekelo yokusebenzisa umyalo we-dd kungaba yile:

sudo dd if=origen of=destino

Kuphi uma kusho ukuthi "ifayela lokufaka = ifayela lokufaka“, Okusho ukuthi, lokho ofuna ukukopisha futhi yezindlela "okukhipha ifayela = ifayela lokukhipha“, Okungukuthi, ifayela lokuya khona (lapho imininingwane izokopishwa khona);Umsuka kanye Indawo ongaya kuyo ingaba ngamadivayisi (i-CD noma i-DVD reader, i-hard disk, i-floppy disk, i-pendrive, ukwahlukanisa, njll.), Ifayela lokusekelayo noma isithombe sediski, njll., Kodwa hhayi amafolda noma amafolda amancane.

Ukusetshenziswa okushelelayo kwalo myalo, into yokuqala ukuhlala icacile mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izingcezu / ama-hard drive abizwa ku-Linux (/ dev / sda1 ngokwesibonelo; / dev isuselwa ku-device = device, ngesiNgisi). ukuthola idiski / ukwahlukanisa komthombo nendawo okuyiwa kuyo, into esingayithola kalula ngomyalo sudo fdisk -lo ngohlelo oluthile lokuhlukanisa okufana ne-gparted. Yonke imininingwane mayelana nomyalo we-dd kungaboniswana nayo ngomyalo man dd nolwazi info dd,

Lo myalo kufanele usetshenziswe ngokuqapha, futhi njalo ubheke ukuhleleka negama lamadiski / ukwahlukaniswa, ngoba njengoba nje idiski lakhiwa, liyayisula nge-jiffy.

I-syntax enomyalo we-pv: Ukusebenzisa umyalo we-dd nge-syntax yangaphambilini kunenkinga encane, ngoba kungumyalo obekiwe kakhulu - awunikeli imininingwane - ngoba lapho kwenziwa, i-terminal Prompt ihlala inganyakazi, ngakho asazi kwenzakalani nokuthi sekusele isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi iqede ukwenza. Lokhu kuphazamiseka okuncane kungaxazululwa ngokungeza umyalo pv, (*) - osebenza njengombhobho wokugcina okala idatha edlula kuwo - ku-syntax yomyalo we-dd, ukuze manje i-syntax ibe:

dd if=origen |pv|dd of=destino

Ngenxa yalokhu, besizothola uhlobo lwebha yenqubekela phambili esigungwini, imininingwane edluliswe ngamabhayithi, isikhathi ebesisebenza ngaso kanye nezinga lokudlulisa, konke ngesikhathi sangempela.

(alf) - (~) └──┤ dd if = / devmmcblk0p1 | pv | dd of = / dev / mmcblk0p2 1,630GB 0:21:30 [1,12MB / s] [

Futhi lapho isiqedile isibonisa izibalo zesilinganiso sokudlulisa, inani lamabhayithi adlulisiwe nesikhathi esiphelele esithathile ukudlulisa yonke idatha.

(alf) - (~) └──┤ dd if = / devmmcblk0p1 | pv | dd of = / dev / mmcblk0p2 10530816 + 0 amarekhodi afundwe s, 10530816 MB / s 0GB 5391777792:5.4:3873,48 [1,4MB / s] [<=> 5,02 + 1 amarekhodi afundwe <=> 04 + 33 amarekhodi abhalwe 1,33 bytes (10530816GB) akopishiwe, 0, Ama-10530816 s, 0 MB / s (alf) - (~) └──┤

(*) Bheka ngaphambi kokwenza noma yimuphi umugqa womyalo ngale syntax yesibili, ukuthi sinephakeji le-pv elifakwe ohlelweni, noma silifake uma singenalo: zombili nge-Synaptic.

Ake sibheke izibonelo ezithile nezinketho zalo myalo (enguqulweni yayo neqhinga elichazwe ngenhla ngomyalo we-pv):

A) Mayelana nokushayela kanzima nokuhlukanisa:

= Qamba i-hard drive:

Ngalokhu sizodlala idiski ye-hda ku-hdb. (Amadiski e-IDE):

sudo dd if=/dev/hda |pv|dd of=/dev/hdb bs=1M

Ngalokhu sizodlala idiski ye-sda ku-sdb. (Amadiski e-SATA):

sudo dd if=/dev/sda |pv|dd of=/dev/sdb bs=1M

Ngokukhethwa kukho bs = 1M, kutholakala ukuthi ukufunda nokubhala kwenziwa ngamabhulokhi ama-1 megabyte, (kuncane, kuzohamba kancane kepha kuphephe kakhulu, futhi ngokwengeziwe sibeka engcupheni yokulahlekelwa yidatha endleleni).

Khumbula ukuthi ngale ndlela idiski liqoshwa "njengoba linjalo", i-MBR, itafula lokuhlukanisa, isikhala esingenalutho, njll ..., ukuze ukwazi ukurekhoda kudiski elilinganayo noma elikhudlwana.

= Bhala kuphela ukwahlukanisa kokuqala (hda1) kwediski yomthombo kudiski okuyiwa kuyo (i-hdb):

sudo dd if=/dev/hda1 |pv|dd of=/dev/hdb bs=1M

= Shisa yonke i-disk (hda) kusigaba sokuqala (i-hdb1) sediski okuyiwa kuyo:

sudo dd if=/dev/hda |pv|dd of=/dev/hdb1 bs=1M

= Dala isithombe - kungaba ibin noma iso - kusuka kwi-hard disk (hda), ku-directory yasekhaya:

sudo dd if=/dev/hda |pv|dd of=/home/hda.bin

= Sula ngokuphelele imininingwane kudiski: ukwenza lokhu, gcwalisa idiski ngezinhlamvu ezingahleliwe, kahlanu. Ngeke kube khona umkhondo wolwazi kudiski:

for n in {1..5}; do dd if=/dev/urandom |pv|dd of=/dev/hda bs=8b conv=notrunc;

= Sula noma yikuphi ukwahlukanisa nediski ephelele kunoma iyiphi idivayisi:

sudo dd if=/dev/zero |pv|dd of=/dev/sdx (Ukusula okugcwele kwediski)

sudo dd if=/dev/zero |pv|dd of=/dev/sdxa (Disk ukwahlukanisa ukusula)

lapho: x yidiski ezosulwa khona, ukwahlukanisa okuzosulwa

Lo msebenzi ulusizo olukhulu ukusula ngokuphelele ukwahlukanisa, ngaphezu kwalokho idatha ezosulwa ayinakutholwa, ngakho-ke iyisula elisezingeni eliphansi futhi eliphephe kakhulu, eliwusizo kakhulu ngokwesibonelo lapho ama-pendrives atheleleka ngamagciwane ngamawindi ethu abathandekayo .

B) Ku-CD / DVD

= Dala / Faka isithombe se-.iso kusuka ku-CD (noma i-DVD)

Ukwakha isithombe se-.iso se-CD enkombeni / yasekhaya:

sudo dd if=/dev/cdrom |pv|dd of=/home/imagendeCD.iso

Ukufaka isithombe se-.iso kusuka ku-CD:

sudo mount -o loop imagedeCD.iso /mnt/home

= Phinda uthole i-DVD eklwebekile (Lokhu akuyitholi yonke iDVD, kulokhu kuphela imikhakha efundekayo). Ibuye ifanele amadrayivu anephutha:

sudo dd if=/dev/cdrom |pv|dd of=/home/dvd_recuperado.iso conv=noerror,sync

Inketho ye-noerror isebenza ukugwema amaphutha wokufunda kunoma yisiphi isimo.

C) Mayelana ne-MBR ne-VBS:

= Kopisha / Buyisela i-Master Boot Record (MBR):

Ukukopisha i-MBR:

sudo dd if=/dev/hda |pv|dd of=mbr count=1 bs=512

Ukubuyisela i-MBR:

sudo dd if=mbr |pv|dd of=/dev/hda

= Hlanza i-MBR yethu netafula lokuhlukanisa:

sudo dd if=/dev/zero |pv|dd of=/dev/hda bs=512 count=1

= Isula i-MBR kepha ayithinti itafula lokuhlukanisa, (ilusizo kakhulu ukusula i-GRUB ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa idatha kuma-partitions):

sudo dd if=/dev/zero |pv|dd of=/dev/hda bs=446 count=1

= Kopisha / Buyisela Umkhakha weBoot Boot (VBS):

Ukukopisha i-VBS:

sudo dd if=/dev/hda |pv|dd of=/home/sector_arranque_hda count=1 bs=512

Ukubuyisa i-VBS:

sudo dd if=/home/sector_arranque_hda |pv|dd of=/dev/hda

D) Abanye:

= Shisa isithombe sediski kumkhombandlela wethu / wasekhaya, weqa amaphutha wediski (ilusizo kakhulu kumadiski afayo):

sudo dd conv=noerror if=/dev/hda |pv|dd of=~/home/imagen_disco_con_errores.iso

= Dala ifayela elingenalutho le-1 Mb:

sudo dd if=/dev/zero |pv|dd of=archivo_nuevo_vacio bs=1024 count=1024

= Dala ifayela lokushintshana le-2Gb:

sudo dd if=/dev/zero |pv|dd of=/swapspace bs=4k count=2048M
mkswap /swapspace
swapon /swapspace

= Guqula zonke izinhlamvu zibe ngosonhlamvukazi:

sudo dd if=miarchivo |pv|dd of=miarchivo conv=ucase

Sebenzisa umyalo we-dd ngohlelo lokuqhafaza kwemvelo: I-Gdiskdump, yindawo yokuqhafaza yalo myalo we-dd osiza umsebenzi we clone ukwahlukanisa noma amadiski, ngokushesha futhi kalula. Ingalandwa ekhasini https://launchpad.net/gdiskdump/ Lapho sesiyivulile, ngezimvume zezimpande - Sudo gdiskdump -, siyabona ukuthi lolu hlelo kulula kakhulu ukulusebenzisa, ngoba kufanele silutshele kuphela ukwahlukanisa noma idiski ukuze kuhlanganiswe (i-Input Format) nendawo okuyiwa kuyo (i-Output Format).