Uyini umehluko phakathi kweSudo ne-su?

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule ngithole umbuzo ovela kuMiguel, umfundi webhulogi ojwayelekile futhi ophawula ngokuphoqelela, maqondana nalokhu uyini ngempela umehluko phakathi kwe- sudo y su. Ikakhulu, uMiguel wayekhathazekile ngokuthi ngabe enye indlela iphephe kakhulu yini kunenye. Kwenzeka ukuthi bengikufundile lapho ukuthi I-Sudo ibingaphephile ngokwanele futhi ngifuna ukwazi okwengeziwe.Lokhu okunye okuthunyelwe okunikezelwe kulabo abacele ama-athikili amaningi ku izimfihlakalo ezibulalayo.

Su

Uhlelo su Ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise igobolondo lomunye umsebenzisi ngaphandle kokuphuma kuseshini yamanje. Ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola izimvume zezimpande zemisebenzi yokuphatha ngaphandle kokuphuma ngemvume uphinde ufake uhlelo. Ezinye izindawo zedeskithophu, kufaka phakathi i-GNOME ne-KDE, zinezinhlelo ezibuza ngokusobala iphasiwedi ngaphambi kokuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi enze umyalo ovame ukudinga ukufinyelela okunjalo.

Igama su livela esiNgisini sesikhundleni uube (esikhundleni somsebenzisi). Kukhona nalabo abenza ukuthi kutholakale kusuka ku- sphezuluuser (umsebenzisi omkhulu, okungukuthi, umsebenzisi wezimpande noma umphathi) ngoba imvamisa isetshenziselwa ukwamukela indima yomlawuli wesistimu.

Uma ugijima, su Icela iphasiwedi ye-akhawunti ofuna ukuyifinyelela, futhi uma yamukelwa, inika ukufinyelela kuleyo akhawunti.

[guy @ localhost] $ Iphasiwedi yakho: [root @ localhost] # ukuphuma ngemvume [guy @ localhost] $

Ngokungafaki umsebenzisi, itholakala njengomlawuli. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka futhi ukudlulisa elinye igama lomsebenzisi njengepharamitha.

[guy @ localhost] $ su mongo Iphasiwedi: [mongo @ localhost] # ukuphuma kwe-logout [guy @ localhost] $

Lapho iphasiwedi isifakiwe, singakwazi ukwenza imiyalo kube sengathi singomunye umsebenzisi. Ngokubhala Phuma, sibuyela kumsebenzisi wethu.

Ukuhluka okusetshenziswa kabanzi ukusebenzisa su kulandelwe udwi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ungene ngemvume njengezimpande, kufanele ungene su - nokungena ngemvume njengomunye umsebenzisi owakho - omunye umsebenzisi. Umehluko phakathi kokusebenzisa iskripthi noma cha? Kunconywa ukusebenzisa iskripthi ngoba kulingisa ukuthi uzongena ngemvume ngalowo msebenzisi; ngakho-ke, lisebenza wonke amafayela wokuqalisa alowo msebenzisi, liguqula umkhombandlela wamanje liye EKHAYA lalo msebenzisi, lishintsha inani lokuhlukahluka okuthile kohlelo elizivumelanisa nomsebenzisi omusha (IKHAYA, SHELL, TERM, USER, LOGNAME, phakathi kwabanye), kanye abanye izinto eziningi.

I-sysadmin kufanele iqaphele kakhulu lapho ukhetha iphasiwedi ye-akhawunti yezimpande / yomlawuli, ukugwema ukuhlaselwa ngumsebenzisi ongenalutho osebenzayo su. Ezinye izinhlelo ezinjenge-Unix zineqembu lomsebenzisi elibiziwe Isondo, equkethe kuphela abakwazi ukwenza su. Lokhu kungenzeka noma kunganciphisi ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha, ngoba isigebengu singamane sithathe enye yalawo ma-akhawunti. Yena su I-GNU, nokho, ayikusekeli ukusetshenziswa kwalelo qembu; lokhu kwenziwa ngezizathu zefilosofi.

Sudo

Umyalo ohlobene, obiziwe sudo, yenza umyalo njengomunye umsebenzisi, kepha ngokuhlonipha uchungechunge lwemikhawulo lapho abasebenzisi bangenza khona imiyalo egameni labanye abasebenzisi (imvamisa echazwe kufayela / njll / ama-sudoers).

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokungafani su, sudo yazisa abasebenzisi nge-password yabo esikhundleni somsebenzisi odingekayo; Lokhu kuvumela ukudluliselwa kwemiyalo kubasebenzisi beminye imishini ngaphandle kokuthi babelane ngamaphasiwedi, kunciphisa ubungozi bokushiya amatheminali enganakiwe.

Izinkinga zesudo: isikhathi somusa

Ubuhle be sudo maqondana ne- su ukuthi yenza kuphela umyalo oceliwe ozenza omunye umsebenzisi, ngaphandle kokushintsha umsebenzisi wamanje. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu angenza umyalo njengomlawuli futhi, ngomzuzwana olandelayo, bazoba namalungelo omsebenzisi abebemsebenzisa ngaphambili ... noma cishe.

Abanye bakubona njengokuphula ukuphepha iqiniso lokuthi sudo nikeza "isikhathi somusa" esivumela umsebenzisi ukuthi enze imiyalo njengomunye umsebenzisi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokufaka kaninginingi iSudo phambi komyalo nephasiwedi ngemuva kokukwenza. Ngemuva kwaleyo "nkathi yomusa", sudo uzophinda asibuze iphasiwedi.

Lokhu "kubi", empeleni ngoba umuntu othile angathatha ikhompyutha yethu ngemuva kokufaka iphasiwedi ye-Sudo futhi ngenkathi "isikhathi somusa" sisebenza yenza INHLEKELELE.

Ngenhlanhla, kungenzeka ukukhubaza "isikhathi somusa", esizothuthukisa ukuphepha kohlelo lwakho. Vele ungeze umugqa owodwa kufayela / njll / ama-sudoers:

I-sudo nano / etc / sudoers

Futhi engeza umugqa olandelayo ekugcineni kwefayela:

Okuzenzakalelayo: ZONKE i-timestamp_timeout = 0

Ushintsho luqala ukusebenza ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuqalisa kabusha uhlelo.