ilogo ye-intel
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule kwavela lokho I-Intel yethule i-architecture eyenziwe lula ye-x86S processor (x86 ukwenziwa lula) esebenzisa imodi ye-64-bit kuphela futhi ayisekeli imiqondo yefa.
Ngalesi sakhiwo esisha se-x86S, I-Intel yehlisa ukwesekwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyi-16-bit kanye ne-32-bit, kodwa kuthiwa se ingasebenza ngokusebenzisa i-virtualization, ngakho-ke amandla okusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingama-32-bit endaweni yesistimu yokusebenza ye-64-bit azogcinwa.
Impilo ende yokwakhiwa kwe-Intel® ibe nomphumela wohlelo lwe-software olucebile olunesisekelo esikhulu esifakiwe esisuka kuma-PC siye emafini, siye kumadivayisi eselula, kusukela kumadivayisi ashumekiwe kuye kumakhompyutha amakhulu nangale kwalokho.
Selokhu yethulwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20 edlule, izakhiwo ze-Intel® 64 seziphenduke imodi yokusebenza ehamba phambili. Njengesibonelo salokhu kuguquka, iMicrosoft yayeka ukuthumela inguqulo yayo ye-32-bit Windows 11. I-firmware ye-Intel ayisasekeli amasistimu wokusebenza okungewona we-UEFI64 ngokwemvelo. Amasistimu wokusebenza we-64-bit ayindinganiso ye-de facto namuhla. Bagcina ikhono lokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingu-32-bit, kodwa bayekile ukusekela izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-16-bit ngokwemvelo.
I-Los amaphrosesa anesakhiwo esisha azoqala ngokushesha kumodi ye-64-bit, ukweqa ukushintshwa okuphakathi kumodi ye-16-bit kanye ne-32-bit phakathi nenqubo yokuqalisa. I-x86S iphinda isebenzise ikhono lokushintshela ekusebenziseni ukwakheka kwethebula lenkumbulo yezinga elingu-5, ngaphandle kokuqale ngokukhubaza ukupheja nokudlula ukushintshela kumodi engenakhasi.
Imiklamo ye-Intel 64 yezakhiwo iphuma ekuqaliseni kabusha isesimweni esifanayo nese-8086 yasekuqaleni futhi idinga uchungechunge lokuguqulwa kwekhodi ukuze ingene kumodi engu-64-bit. Uma sezisebenza, lezi zindlela azisetshenziswa izinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje noma amasistimu wokusebenza.
I-architecture yemodi engu-64-bit kuphela izodinga okulingana namabhithi angu-64 yobuchwepheshe okwamanje obusebenza ngemodi yangempela noma imodi evikelwe.
Of x86S izici zezakhiwo, okulandelayo kugqame:
- Ukuphela kosekelo lokukhuluma nge-16-bit kanye nekhono lokuchaza kabusha usayizi wekheli.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwemodeli yengxenye yememori ye-64-bit eyenziwe lula ukuze kusekelwe ukusingathwa kwesegimenti ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezingama-32-bit, okuhambisana nomkhuba osetshenziswa kumasistimu wokusebenza wesimanje.
- Ukusekelwa kwedrophu kwezindandatho zonogada ezi-1 nezi-2, ezingasetshenziswa kusofthiwe yesimanje.
- Ukuphela kosekelo lwemodi engu-32-bit kusiqaphi esiyiziro.
- Ukususwa kwezindlela ezivikelwe ze-16-bit kanye ne-32-bit.
- Ukunqanyulwa kosekelo lokufinyelela kumachweba we-I/O kusukela kwendandatho yesi-3 yokuvikela.
- Ukuphela kosekelo lwemisebenzi yeyunithi yezinhlamvu enezimbobo zokufaka/zokuphumayo (INS/OUTS)
- Ukuphela kosekelo lwezilawuli eziphazamisayo ezingu-8259 kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezilawuli ezihlelekayo ze-X2APIC kuphela.
- Isusa amabhithi emodi yesistimu yokusebenza engasetshenzisiwe.
Kuhle ukusho ukuthi ku-Intel, ukugcina izidingo ezinjalo ze-hardware endala kungaba nzima futhin i-microarchitecture kanye nomklamo womshini. Isibonelo, ukuthuthukiswa kokuqaliswa kanye nokwenziwa kwekhodi akukwazi ukuhlanganiswa uma kunomthelela omubi ekusebenzisaneni emuva.
Elinye iphuzu ukuthi amadivaysi ukuthi rzidinga ukuhambisana emuva kumele zinikeze isikhala kuhadiwe endala, okuthile okungase kusetshenziswe kangcono izisheshisi ezintsha zehadiwe nezinhlelo zesikhathi sokusebenza. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kokuhambisana okusemuva nakho kuzoba nemithelela ebanzi kuhardware esetshenziswa kumiklamo yesimanje.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphinde kushiwo ukuthi ukugcina ukuhambisana nezinguqulo zangaphambilini nakho kungabangela ubungozi bokuphepha ukuthi buqhubeke kumiklamo emisha. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi phakathi nenqubo yokuqalisa, lapho amasistimu wefa angase angasebenzisi izinqubo zokuphepha eziqinile, okuvumela noma iyiphi ikhodi enonya ukuthi isebenze.
Ekugcineni, kushiwo lokho inguquko ngeke isuse ngokuphelele ukwesekwa kwesistimu yokusebenza eyifa. Njengoba inkampani isho eposini, i-Intel inamasu avuthiwe e-virtualization asengavumela isoftware yefa ukuthi iqale.
Uma unjalo unentshisekelo yokwazi okwengeziwe ngayo, ungabheka imininingwane Kulesi sixhumanisi esilandelayo.