ide-mirairo paDebian - Computer Networks yeSMB

General index yeakateedzana: Computer Networks yeSMEs: Sumo

Musoro weiyi posvo unoreva akateedzana emirairo yekoni kutanga ne «kunaka- « Uye izvo zvinogona kubatsira mune mamwe mamiriro. Isu tinongopa tsananguro pfupi yeimwe neimwe, uye mimwe mienzaniso yekushandisa. Tinodzokorora izvo: Hatigone kutsiva emabhuku anofambidzana nemirairo yega yega. Tinokurudzira zvakasimba tarisa iwo mapeji nekumhanya murume akanaka-command.

• Chinangwa chikuru chechinyorwa chino ndechekuenderera mberi nekuratidzira zvakasarudzika zvakasarudzika izvo Virtualization muLinux parizvino iri kushandisa iyo Qemu-KVM Hypervisor. Kunyangwe mumusoro tinonyora zita kugovera «Debian«, Iwo masisitimu akajairika anoshanda kune chero kumwe kugovera kuburikidza nemirairo yakatarwa yeumwe neumwe wavo. Kunyanya izvo zvine chekuita nekutsvaga, tsananguro uye kuisirwa mapakeji, pakati pevamwe.

Usati waenderera mberi nekuverenga, tinokurudzira kushanya chinyorwa chakapfuura: Qemu-KVM + Virt-Maneja paDebian - Computer Networking yeSMMs.

Inguvai yekushandisa mirairo?

Pane dzakawanda nguva isu tiri kure kure kuona Virtualization rutsigiro server neiyo Qemu-KVM yakaiswa, uye nechimwe chikonzero isu hatina graphical interface yeiyo Virtual Machine maneja - Virt-Maneja:

• Chaizvoizvo kesi, kana isu tasvika kune iri kure server kubva kuWindows chiteshi kuburikidza putty, kana chero imwe yeakawanda dzimwe nzira izvo zviripo kuti ubatanidze neSSH neDebian GNU / Linux server, uye iyo yekupedzisira haina kana rutsigiro rwakaisirwa iyo «X«, Kana graphic rutsigiro.
• Isu tinongoda maneja chaiwo michina pane yemuno kana iri kure server tichishandisa mirairo yekoni.

Yakaiswa ne libvirt-vatengi

In the Nyaya yapfuura isu tinoisa iyo package libvirt-bin, uye sechikamu cheichi chiitiko chakaiswa libvirt-vatengi. Kana isu tichimhanya mune koni:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo dpkg -L libvirt-vatengi | grep / bin
/ usr / bin
/ usr / bin / virsh
/ usr / bin / virt-host-simbisa
/ usr / bin / virt-login-ganda
/ usr / bin / virt-xml-simbisa
/ usr / bin / virt-pki-simbisa

• Virsh: iyo virsh chirongwa ndicho chikuru mushandisi chinongedzo chekuzara manejimendi evaGumi Domains - Guests. Iyo inoshandiswa kunyora, kugadzira, kumbomira, uye kuvhara masizinda. Uyu murairo unofanirwa kukumbirwa nemvumo ye mudzi. Iyo ine nzira mbiri dzekumhanya: mune yekuraira modhi uye mune yekudyidzana modhi. Isu tinotsaura inotevera chinyorwa kune virsh.
• ide-inomirira-simbisa: chishandiso chinobvumidza kusimbisa iyo Sisitimu yekumisikidza - Host, kuti igone kutsigira ese madhiraivha eHypervisor - Hypervisor. Kuti uwane mhedzisiro chaiyo, iwo murairo unofanirwa kumhanyisa nemvumo ye mudzi.
• kuda-kupinda-ganda: raira kuti uite a deko yakagadzirirwa ye munhu akajairika mushandisi mumudziyo LXC, ane zita rakaenzana nemushandisi anoidana. Kana mudziyo wacho usiri kumhanya, iwo kuraira kuda-kupinda-ganda ndichaedza kuitanga. Uyu murairo haugone kukumbirwa nemvumo yemushandisi mudzi. Iyo yakajeka faira yekumisikidza iyi chirongwa iri /etc/libvirt/virt-login-shell.conf.
• ide-xml-simbisa: shandisa XML mafaira kubva libvirt uchivaenzanisa nechirongwa - schema inoshanda. Isu tinowana runyorwa rwemazita anoshanda echema kana isu tikateedzera murume virt-xml-simbisa.
• ide-pki-simbisa: yaishandiswa kusimbisa kuti mafaira ePKI e libvirt Izvo zvakagadzirwa nenzira kwayo, zvese zviri zviviri zvakachengeteka server padivi uye pane mutengi izvo zvinoshandisa iyo TLS encryption protocol kuti isvike kure sevha. Kuitwa kwayo kunenge kuri madikanwa kana isu takagonesa kure kure manejimendi pamusoro peTLS uye SSL. Chitsauko 22.2 chegwaro Virtualization Kuendeswa uye Dhairekitori Gwara, yakatsaurirwa kune iyi mhinduro. Tinokurudzira kuti edu emabhizinesi network anoshandisa iyo kure manejimendi kuburikidza neSSH, iyo yakapusa uye yakachengeteka nzira yeBhizinesi LAN, yatinozotsaurira chinyorwa chinotevera.

Yakaiswa neakanaka

Muchinyorwa chakapfuura, isu takaisawo package wema-maneja. Sechikamu cheichi chiitiko, pasuru yakaiswa simba. Kana isu tichida kuziva kuti ndeipi mirairo iyo yekupedzisira ine, isu tinoita:

byzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo dpkg -L virtinst | grep / bin
/ usr / bin
/ usr / bin / virt-convert
/ usr / bin / virt-mufananidzo
/ usr / bin / virt-xml
/ usr / bin / virt-kuisa
/ usr / bin / virt-Clone

• ide-shandura- rairo iyo inoshandura chaiyo tsanangudzo yemuchina kuva mafomati VMX y Ovf kune yemuno libvirt fomati XML. Iyo VMX fomati inowanzo shandiswa ne VMWare, nepo OVF «Vhura Virtualization Fomati»Inogona kushandiswa nechero ipi Hypervisor tsigira.
• mufananidzo-mufananidzo- Inogadzira muchina chaiwo kubva pamufananidzo unotsanangudza faira mune XML fomati. Ichi chishandiso chinobviswa kubva mune ramangwana shanduro dze simba, saka Hatikurudzire kushandiswa kwayo.
• ide-xml: Inobvumira kugadziridzwa kwemuno maXML mafaira anoshandiswa ne libvirt, uchishandisa rairo yekuraira mutsara.
• virt-install: raira yekushandisa tambo inobvumidza kugadzira nyowani michina muHypervisors senge KVM, Xen kana Linux Midziyo inoshandisa iyo hypervisor manejimendi raibhurari "Libvirt". Ichi chishandiso chinotsigira kumisikidza graphical kana tikashandisa, semuenzaniso, iyo VNC Virtual Network Komputa, or the ZVINonhuwira. Iyo zvakare inotsigira zvizere console kana mameseji modhi. Kubudikidza nekushandisa kwayo tinokwanisa kugadzira muchina une imwechete kana yakawanda dhiraivha yakaoma, imwe kana anopfuura makadhi enetiweki, zvishandiso zvine mutsindo, USB chaiyo kana zvishandiso zvePCI, zvichingodaro. Iyo yekumisikidza midhiya inogona kuve yemuno, kure, yakaburitswa uchishandisa yechinyakare UNIX NFS Network File System protocol, HTTP, FTP. etc.
• zvakanaka-clone- raira yekushandisa turu yekumisikidza iripo michina iripo uchishandisa hypervisor manejimendi manejimendi "Libvirt". Chaizvoizvo teedzera mufananidzo wemuchina chaiwo uye gadzira Mutorwa mutsva - muenzi ine yakafanana hardware kumisikidzwa. Zvishandiso zvemidziyo zvinofanirwa kuve zvakasarudzika, semuenzaniso kero yehadhi yekadhi yemaketani, ichavandudzwa kudzivirira kukonana kana ruzha pakati pechinyakare uye nyowani muenzi.

ide-muoni

Ichi chishandiso chinoiswawo kana iwe uchiita iyo wema-maneja. ide-muoni ipake rakaparadzana.

• ide-muoni: inotibvumidza kuratidza graphical console, kuburikidza neVNC kana SPICE, yemuchina wakasarudzika, ingave iri munzvimbo kana kure. Tinogona kureva muenzi iyo yatinoda kuratidza kuburikidza nezita rayo, ID, kana UUID. Kana muchina chaiwo usiri kumhanya, ide-muoni anomirira kuti utange.

Mimwe mirairo ye "virt-" iyo inogona kuiswa kubva kune akapatsanurwa mapakeji

• zvakanaka-zvakanaka- Muunganidzwa wematurusi ane hukama nehunyanzvi. Inosanganisira plugin ye «Munin«, Uye script yekushandura chaiwo michina yakagadzirwa neVMware Workstation kana VMware Server, kune fomati inoshandiswa muQemu-KVM.
• wema-top: Inoratidza huwandu hwenzvimbo dzakasarudzika. Rudzi rwe pamusoro o htop yemuchina chaiwo

Yakaiswa ne qemu-utils

Kunyangwe zita remidziyo iyi risingatangi ne kunaka-Zvirokwazvo isu tichafanirwa kushandisa mamwe acho pane imwe nguva, kunyanya iyo inoenderana nemifananidzo yeiyo chaiyo michina disks.

Tinogona kuvakumbira mushure mekuisa iyo Qemu-Kvm yekumisikidza chikuva, sezvakaratidzwa munyaya yapfuura. Kana isu tichida kuziva kuti ndeapi mirairo pasuru yakasara yatinayo qemu-utils, isu tinongoda kumhanya:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo dpkg -L qemu-zvishandiso | grep / bin
/ usr / bin
/ usr / bin / qemu-img
/ usr / bin / qemu-nbd / usr / bin / qemu-io

Kana pane kusarura na / bin tingadai takazviitira / sbin, isu tinowana imwe mhedzisiro yatinosiira iwe kuti utarise.

• qemu-IMG: inotibvumira kuti tigadzire, uye tishandure uye / kana kugadzirisa mifananidzo yemadhisiki asiri kushanda kana ari Kunze kwetara.
  Tinokurudzira mhanyisa iwo wekuraira murume qemu-img. Isu tinongo simbisa chete kuti HATIMAI kushandisa mutemo uyu ku chinja chero chifananidzo chiri kushandiswa nechero muchina kana chero imwe nzira, nekuti inogona kuparadza mufananidzo. Kana isuwo hatifanirwe kubvunza dhata remufananidzo uri munzira yekushandurwa, sezvo tichigona kuwana zvisingaenderane mudunhu rayo..

Mienzaniso yekushandisa yemimwe mirairo

ide-inomirira-simbisa

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ ide-inomira-simbisa 
  QEMU: Kutarisa mashandisirwo ehurdware: PASS QEMU: Kuongorora mudziyo / dev / kvm: PASS QEMU: Kutarisa mudziyo / dev / vhost-net: YAMBIRA (Takura iyo 'vhost_net' module kuvandudza mashandiro e virtio network) QEMU: Kuongorora mudziyo / dev / net / tun: PASS LXC: Kutarisa Linux> = 2.6.26: PASS

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo ide-inomira-simbisa 
[sudo] password ye buzz: QEMU: Kutarisa mashandisirwo ehurdware: PASS QEMU: Kuongorora mudziyo / dev / kvm: PASS QEMU: Kutarisa mudziyo / dev / vhost-net: PASS QEMU: Kutarisa mudziyo / dev / net / tun : PASS LXC: Kutarisa Linux> = 2.6.26: PASS

ide-xml-simbisa

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo ide-xml-simbisa /etc/libvirt/qemu/dns.xml 
/etc/libvirt/qemu/dns.xml inosimbisa

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo ide-xml-simbisa /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml
/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml inosimbisa

qemu-IMG

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ qemu-img cheki /tera/vmware/omicron/omicron.vmdk
Hapana zvikanganiso zvakawanikwa pamufananidzo.

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ qemu-img info /tera/vmware/omicron/omicron.vmdk
mufananidzo: /tera/vmware/omicron/omicron.vmdk
faira fomati: vmdk chaiyo saizi: 20G (21474836480 byte) dhisiki saizi: 3.6G cluster_size: 65536 Fomora yakatarwa ruzivo: cid: 1473577509 mubereki cid: 4294967295 gadzira mhando: monolithicSparse extents: [0]: saizi chaiyo: 21474836480 filename: / tera / vmware / omicron / omicron.vmdk sumbu size: 65536 fomati:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ qemu-img info /tera/vms/omicron.raw 
mufananidzo: /tera/vms/omicron.raw
fomati fomati: yakasvibirira saizi yakakura: 20G (21474836480 byte) dhisiki saizi: 3.4G

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ qemu-img info /tera/vms/miweb.qcow2
mufananidzo: /tera/vms/miweb.qcow2
fomati fomati: qcow2 saizi saizi: 10G (10737418240 byte) dhisiki saizi: 4.5G cluster_size: 65536 Fomati ruzivo rwakananga: compat: 1.1 husimbe hunodzokororwa: nhema

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo qemu-img inoshandura -p /tera/vms/omicron.raw -O qcow2 /tera/vms/omicron.qcow2
    (27.56 / 100%)

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ qemu-img info /tera/vms/omicron.qcow2 
mufananidzo: /tera/vms/omicron.qcow2
fomati fomati: qcow2 saizi saizi: 20G (21474836480 byte) dhisiki saizi: 3.5G cluster_size: 65536 Fomati ruzivo rwakananga: compat: 1.1 husimbe hunodzokororwa: nhema

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo qemu-img gadzira -f qcow2 /tera/vms/hyp2.qcow2 20G
Kugadzira '/tera/vms/hyp2.qcow2', fmt = qcow2 size = 21474836480 encryption = off cluster_size = 65536 lazy_refcounts = yabviswa 

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo qemu-img info /tera/vms/hyp2.qcow2
mufananidzo: /tera/vms/hyp2.qcow2
fomati fomati: qcow2 saizi saizi: 20G (21474836480 byte) dhisiki saizi: 196K cluster_size: 65536 Ronga ruzivo rwakananga: compat: 1.1 husimbe hunodzokororwa: nhema

ide-xml

Kutanga, tinogadzira dambarefu nyowani:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo qemu-img gadzira -f qcow2 /tera/vms/dns2.qcow2 10G

Ipapo isu tinoibatanidza kune iripo "dns" dura:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ virt-xml --connect qemu: /// system dns --add-device --disk /tera/vms/dns2.qcow2 --confirm
--- Original XML +++ Yakachinja XML @@ -128,5 +128,10 @@  + + + + +

Tsanangura 'dns' neiyo yakachinja XML? (y / n): y
Domain 'dns' inotsanangurwa zvinobudirira.

Pakupera kwechinyorwa tinopa chimiro chakazara cheachangobva kuchinjwa /etc/libvirt/qemu/dns.xml faira.

ide-shandura

Ngatichinjei chaiwo muchina wakagadzirwa uchishandisa iyo VMware Workstation kune fomati libvirt, asi kwete usati watsanangura kuti fomati yeiyo yakashandurwa hard disk iri qcow2, uye zvakare kuti iyo nyowani yemuchina mufananidzo inogadzirwa mune hombe repository / tera / vms. Isu tinoda zvakare kuti rairo yekuraira ive yakajeka sezvinobvira, saka tinoshandisa sarudzo -d.

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo kuda-shandura -d / tera / vmware / miweb / --disk-fomati qcow2 --destination / tera / vms

Mushure meizvozvo, ide-muoni anozvibatanidza otomatiki kuGuest ichangotendeuka, uye isu tinogona kuona maitiro ayo ese ebhutsu.

zvakanaka-clone

Ngatisimudzirei chaiwo muchina «DNS":

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ En-clone --connect qemu: /// system -o dns --auto-clone
Kugovera 'dns-clone.qcow2' | 10 GB 00:20 Kugovera 'dns2-clone.qcow2' | 10 GB 00:01     

Iyo dombo 'dns-clone' yakagadzirwa zvinobudirira.

Isu tinoongorora tichishandisa rairo Virsh, iko kuongorora kwechinyorwa chinotevera:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo virsh chinyorwa
 Id Zita reNyika ----------------------------------------------- -----

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo virsh runyorwa --all
 Id Zita reNyika ----------------------------------------------- ----- - dns yakavharwa - dns-clone yakavharwa - miweb yakavharwa

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo virsh kutanga dns-clone
Domain dns-clone yakatanga

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ virt-viewer --connect qemu: /// system dns-clone

virt-install

Tinoda kugadzira muchina unonzi «WordPress»Kugamuchira saiti yeiyo Bhizinesi Intranet. Izvo hazvizoburitswa paInternet. Kuti ine anenge 1024 megabyte e RAM, rakaoma dhisiki remakumi masere egigabytes rekukura kwesimba, iro rakavakirwa pana Debian Jessie, uye rakabatana kune network «Default".

Kuita kuti hupenyu hwedu huve nyore, isu tinotanga kugadzira diski mufananidzo tichishandisa qemu-IMG:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo qemu-img gadzira -f qcow2 /tera/vms/wordpress.qcow2 80G
Kugadzira '/tera/vms/wordpress.qcow2', fmt = qcow2 size = 85899345920 encryption = off cluster_size = 65536 lazy_refcounts = yabviswa

Tevere, tinogadzira muchina uye tinotanga maitiro ekuisa:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo kuda-gadza --connect qemu: /// system --virt-mhando = kvm \
- zita rezwi - --ram 1024 --vcpus = 1
-disk /tera/vms/wordpress.qcow2 \
--cdrom /home/buzz/isos/Linux/debian-8/debian-8.0.0-amd64-CD-1.iso \
-os-mhando linux --network network = default \
--tsanangudzo wordpress.desdelinux.fan

wema-top

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ virt-top --connect qemu: /// system
virt-top 15:39:21 - x86_64 2 / 2CPU 1600MHz 3863MB 2 domains, 2 active, 2 running, 0 sleep, 0 paused, 0 inactive D: 0 O: 0 X: 0 CPU: 0.7% Mem: 768 MB ( 768 MB nevaenzi) ID S RDRQ WRRQ RXBY TXBY% CPU% MEM NGUVA ZITA 22 R 0 0 104 0 0.3 6.0 0: 11.49 dns 21 R 0 0 104 0 0.3 13.0 0: 13.42 miweb

Chimiro chedns.xml faira

Pakutanga zvinogona kuita sekunge zvakaoma kunzwisisa chimiro chetsananguro faira yemuchina chaiwo kana muenzi, sezvakanzwisiswa neQemu-KVM hypervisor nemaraibhurari ane hukama se libvirt. Iyo faira iri mune yakajairwa fomati.XML. Iyo yakarongedzwa nedudziro mabhuroko, iri mukati meiyo huru block «inotongwa".

....

Mukati meiyo block tinowana iyo tsananguro dzemuchina wese chaiwo:

• zita rechikwata
• uuid wechikwata
• huwandu hwe RAM
• huwandu hwema processor
• mhando yehurongwa hwekushandisa uye kuvaka kwayo. mudziyo we bhuti.
• Zvimiro izvo zvinotsigira zvakadai se ACPI "Otomatiki Kudzora Simba Chinongedzo", APM "Otomatiki Simba Management", uye PAE.
• CPU modhi (s) nehunhu hwavo
• kurongedza wachi: ingave iri UTC "United Nguva Cordinate" kana kwete.
• kupindura kuzviitiko zvakaita sekudzima, reboot, kana system crash
• kana PM «Power Management» akagonesa zviitiko «kumbomira kunyora mundangariro» uye «kumbomira kunyora kune hard disk»
• emulator mhando yemidziyo yakasiyana kana KVM zvishandiso
• kune ese madhiraivha akaomarara: mutyairi, dhisiki mhando, mufananidzo faira nzira, chinangwa mudziyo, bhazi mhando, slot «slots»Pci iyo yakabatana, nezvimwe, zvinoenderana neiyo chaiyo diski: IDE, SATA, SCSI, USB kana Virtio.
• Optical zvishandiso senge CDR
• nhamba uye mhando ye USB zvinobatanidza
• pci slot yeIDE dhisiki
• serial chinongedzo chekutaurirana
• yakafanana chinongedzo chemaprinta
• network makadhi ane yakasarudzika MAC kero, mhando yeneti kadhi, kune iyo pci slot yakabatana, uye kune iyo chaiyo network iyo ichabatanidza
• pty akateedzana consoles
• zvekushandisa zvekushandisa zvakaita sepad «piritsi", Mouse keyboard"mbeva", nezvimwe.
• vhidhiyo kadhi uye yayo RAM, mhando, modhi, slot, bhazi, nezvimwe.
• uye imwe yakareba etcetera

Muchidimbu, La Mar Océana yedudziro nemidziyo iyo inodikanwa uye inotsigirwa neQemu-KVM hypervisor nemaraibhurari ane hukama, kuve nemuchina wakazara unoshanda kunge uri muchina chaiwo.

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo katsi /etc/libvirt/qemu/dns.xml 
<!--
YAmbiro: IRI IFAI RAKAGADZIRWA ZVINOGONA.  KUCHINJA KWAZVO ZVINOGONESESA KUZVIMBIDZWA UYE KURASIKA.  Shanduko kune ino xml kumisikidzwa inofanirwa kuitwa uchishandisa: virsh edit dns kana imwe application uchishandisa libvirt API.

Kuuya kunouya

• Virsh raira
• Remote manejimendi yea hypervisors uye avo chaiwo michina vachishandisa SSH

Rangarira kuti ichi chichava chinyorwa chezvinyorwa na Computer Networks eSMEs. Tichave takamirira iwe!