Microservices: Uyilo lwesoftware yanamhlanje
Ukuqhubeka nge Umxholo wendaleko kunye notshintsho kwiparadigms kunye neendlela zokusebenza yenzekile kwindawo yophuhliso lwesoftware, esisandula ukuyichukumisa kumanqaku abiziweyo "Uphuhliso lweSoftware: Uphengululo lwembali ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje", "Ukusebenzisana ngeLifu: Ungakufezekisa njani?" y "XaaS: Cloud Computing - Yonke into njengeNkonzo", namhlanje siza kuthetha IiMicroservices.
IiMicroservices ziyilo lwesoftware yanamhlanje, hayi i-API (iNkqubo yoLungiselelo lweNkqubo yoLwazi) okanye itekhnoloji ngokwayo, enokuthi ifakwe kwaye isetyenziswe. Uyilo lwesoftware, ekwabizwa ngokuba ziipateni zesoftware, alufani kwaphela nolwimi lwenkqubo, kuba luseka kuphela indlela ekufuneka itekhnoloji isebenze ngayo hayi indlela ezenziwa ngayo.
Intshayelelo
IiMicroservices zinokubonwa njengokuvela kwe-SOA Architecture (iZakhiwo eziJolise kwiNkonzo), Ekhokela abaphuhlisi ukuba benze ezinye iimodyuli, ezisebenzayo nezizimeleyo, ezinesakhono esiphakamileyo sokuphinda zisetyenziswe ngendlela efanelekileyo, njengoko kusenziwa ngendlela efanayo, xa sisenza ukuba kusetyenziswe izixhobo ezithile, apho ityhila kuphela eyona nto iyimfuneko, endaweni yokutyhila amandla ayo ngokungeyomfuneko.
Uyilo lweMicroservices, ngokwesiqhelo ayibanga yaxhaphaka njengakwithiyori, Oko kukuthi yaziwa ngcono kunokusetyenziswa. Nangona kunjalo, yonke imihla ngaphezulu, abaphuhlisi abaninzi bayayisebenzisa kuba yimodeli yophuhliso lwesoftware leyo iphucula ixesha eliguqukayo, ukusebenza kunye nozinzo ngaphakathi kweeprojekthi apho zisetyenziswa khona. Ngaphandle koko, yakhe Ukwahlula okulula okuhambelana noko yenza ukuba ifaneleke ngakumbi kuphuhliso apho ukuhambelana kweqonga lomnqamlezo (iWebhu, iselfowuni, izinto ezinokunxiba, i-Io) kubalulekile.
Kodwa, ngelixa i-SOA ikwinqanaba eliphezulu loYiloOko kukuthi, i-Architecture apho izicelo ezisekwe kwiinkonzo zakhiwe khona, apho inkonzo yeyona nto incinci kwaye isebenzayo iyunithi yomsebenzi ngaphakathi kwesicelo esenziweyo, Uyilo lweMicroservices nanjalo ivumela ukuba senze iinkonzo, kodwa ezi nkonzo ziyilelwe ngendlela encinci kwaye ethe ngqo ukwenzela ukuba bazalisekise ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo nangokufanelekileyo, ngendlela yokuba zinokudityaniswa zisuswe kusetyenziso lonke kwaye zisebenze ngendlela ezimeleyo ngokupheleleyo kwisicelo sonke apho sasenziwe khona.
Zithini iiNkqubo zeSoftware (iipateni)?
Ukuqonda uyilo lweSoftware yeMicroservices kakuhle, kulungile ukwazi okuncinci malunga nazo zonke ezona zixhobo zeSoftware zaziwayo ezikhoyo. Zininzi ezikhoyo, njengoko kunokubonwa kwindawo ye- Umqondiso okanye ngokulula Wikipedia, kodwa ngokwencwadi edumileyo ebizwa «Incwadi Yoyilo Yepateni» (Incwadi yoyilo lweepateni) Iipateni ezikhoyo zinokuhlelwa njenge:
Ubugcisa
Ezo zijongana neendlela zokuqinisekisa izinto kunye neenjongo zazo kukususa inkqubo yokuqinisekisa kunye nokufihla iinkcukacha zendlela ezenziwa ngayo okanye ezenziwa ngayo izinto. Kule klasi kukho oku kulandelayo:
- Umzi mveliso
- umakhi
- Indlela yeFektri
- Uhlobo lokukhusela
- singleton
Ulwakhiwo
Ezo zichaza ukuba zingadityaniswa njani iiklasi kunye nezinto (ezilula okanye ezimbaxa) ukwenza izakhiwo ezinkulu kunye nokubonelela ngokusebenza okutsha. Kule klasi kukho oku kulandelayo:
- Adapter
- iblorho
- Udidi
- Umhlobisi
- I-facade
- Flyweight
- proxy
Ukuziphatha
Ezo zisinceda sichaze unxibelelwano kunye nokuzilolonga phakathi kwezinto zenkqubo. Injongo yale patheni kukunciphisa ukudibana phakathi kwezinto. Kule klasi kukho oku kulandelayo:
- Chain yoXanduva
- umyalelo
- Utoliki
- abaphindaphindi
- UMlamli
- Memento
- Umgcini
- imeko
- Strategy
- Indlela yeTemplate
- isivakashi
abanye
Iipateni zoyilo zangaphambili zichaze izkim ezichaza ulwakhiwo eziza kwakha ngalo iinkqubo zesoftware. Kodwa xa sifuna ukuveza bhetele inkqubo esisiseko yolwakhiwo kunye nolwakhiwo lweenkqubo zesoftware ezenziwe, sihlala silufumana olu luhlu:
- Uyilo lwesileyiti
- I-DAO: Into yokuFikelela kwiDatha
- I-DTO: Into yokuDlulisa idatha
- I-EDA: Uyilo loSetyenziso oluqhutywa
- Ukucela ngokungagungqiyo
- Izinto ze
- Inkqubo ekhethiweyo
- Umhlobo kumhlobo
- Iipayipi
- I-SOA: Uyilo loLwazi ngeNkonzo
- Amanqanaba amathathu
Kukho i "Umzekelo Wokujonga Umlawuli" eyaziwayo neyasetyenziswayo, yahlulahlulwe:
- Umzekelo / Jonga / uMlawuli
- Imodeli / ukujonga / ukuhambisa
- Imodeli / ukujonga / ukuhambisa ngenkqubo yeModeli
- Imodeli / ukujonga / ukujonga imodeli
- Imodeli / ukujonga / ukuhambisa ngombono ongacacanga
- Imodeli / ukujonga / ukuhambisa kunye noMlawuli weSuphavayiza
Ukuba "Imodeli yokujonga uMlawuli" yenye yezona zaziwa kakhulu kwaye zaphunyezwa namhlanje, ayonelanga ukubonelela ngokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwisicelo esidibeneyo, kwaye esi sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba kutheni, I-Microservices Architecture ithatha indawo yeModeli-yokujonga-isilawuli (i-MVC).
Izibonelelo zoYilo lweMicroservices
Xa iqonga lewebhu lisebenzisa iMicroservices Architecture, ihlala inezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Isisombululo ngokulula ingxaki nganye okanye ingxaki eboniswe ngokujongana neMicroservice nganye encinci ebandakanyeka kwimeko ethile.
- Ukunciphisa Ngokubanzi okanye ukusilela kweenkonzo, kuba xa iMicroservice isilela ayichaphazeli ezinye, kuba zizimele ngokupheleleyo.
- Ukwenza lula ukumiliselwa kunye nokudityaniswa kokusebenza okupheleleyo okanye okuthe ngqo okanye iinkonzo, kuba iMicroservice nganye inokongezwa okanye isuswe kwaye ihlaziywe ngokwahlukeneyo nangokuqhubekayo.
- Ukuze ube ngcono ukufikelela kwizicelo okanye iinkonzo ezenziwe kuzo zonke iintlobo zezixhobo kunye namaqonga.
- Aumentar ukungaguquguquki kweqonga, kuba iiMicroservices zinokuhanjiswa kwiiseva ezahlukeneyo kwaye zibhalwe ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo.
Isakhelo soMthombo ovulekileyo
Zininzi iinketho zomthombo ovulekileyo Abaphuhlisi besoftware banokusebenzisa ukwenza izisombululo eziyinxalenye yeMicroservices Architecture. Ngokukodwa kwiJava, ethekhnoloji esetyenziswa ngokubanzi koku, kukho oku kulandelayo:
- Cricket
- Idropizizard
- I-Eclipse MicroProfile
- IHelidon
- Jersey
- IPayara Micro
- umdlalo
- Qalela ngokutsha
- spark
- Ukuqala kwentwasahlobo
- I-squash
- swagger
- Umnxeba
- IWildFly Thorntail
- zipkin
Imizekelo yeWebhu neeMicroservices Architecture
Phakathi kwenani elikhulu leewebhusayithi ezibonelela ngeenkonzo ezinkulu zokufaka izicelo kwaye ziye zaphumeza ngokuthe ngcembe iMicroservices Architecture ukuphucula ulondolozo kunye nokuma kweenkonzo kunye neqonga lemveliso, ukuyenza ilula, isebenze kwaye ikhawuleze, singakhankanya ezintathu eziphambili kushishino. Bazintoni:
- Amazon
- Ebay
- Netflix
Isiphelo
Kucacile ukuba IiMicroservices zinegalelo kakhulu kuPhuhliso lweSoftware esekwe kwiWebhuKodwa bakwathetha ukujongana nemiceli mngeni emitsha yokusombulula. Iingxaki ezingenanto yakwenza nokufundwa kwesakhelo nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa nokuba zenziwa njani na ezi zinto zintsha ziphunyezwa kumasebe e-IT, abathi ekugqibeleni babe ngabo abababeka kwi-intanethi kwaye babalawula, kwaye bavote ubunzima kwizigqibo zokugqibela malunga nophuhliso ngalunye. Kodwa Olu Lwakhiwo lukhona kwaye luye lwahlala ixesha elide.