Kwabaningi balabo abangena ngezifundo noma ngokuzikhuthaza abazifundisayo, futhi abenza futhi abenza impilo yansuku zonke, emhlabeni we-Informatics and Computing (IC), kukhona «JedIT»Ngamanye amagama, uhlobo lweqhawe elingokomoya elinothando, elinikezwe izimfanelo ezikhethekile ekusingatheni ezanamuhla, eziyinkimbinkimbi nezithuthukile ezindabeni zobuchwepheshe futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nezesayensi. Izimfanelo ezivame ukuhlanganiswa namanye amagama afana nalawa «Geek», «Nerd», «Hacker» noma umane «Genio informático».
«JedIT» Kungashiwo ukuthi yigama elingahlukaniswa njengegama elifingqiwe kanye / noma neologism elivela kumagama esiNgisi. «Jedi» e «IT». «Jedi», kusuka kubalingiswa abaqanjiwe bewuchungechunge lwefilimu lwe- «Star Wars» babezwela ukuphoqa, uhlangothi olukhanyayo, futhi «IT» kusukela kusifinyezo senkulumo ngesiNgisi, «Information Technology», okuhunyushwa ngeSpanishi ngokuthi «Tecnología de Información».
Imiqondo
Ngaphambi kokungena endabeni, kuhle ukuqhubeka nokucacisa kancane imigomo noma imiqondo eshiwo. Ngakho-ke singasho ukuthi yilokhu okulandelayo:
Geek
Kuyinto a «entusiasta o apasionado» yendaba ethile noma inkambu ethile. Ugxile ekuqoqeni, ekuqoqeni idatha nezinkumbulo ezihlobene nesihloko asithandayo. Futhi hlala ukhathazekile ngentsha, ebanda kunazo zonke, nemfashini kunazo zonke, isihloko sakho noma insimu okufanele ikunikeze futhi ikujabulele.
nerd
Kushiwo a «intelectual estudioso» yendaba ethile noma inkambu ethile. Okugxile ikakhulu ekuzuzeni impumelelo ngomzamo wokuthola ulwazi namakhono mayelana nokufuna ukwazi nezinto ozithandayo, isihloko sakho noma insimu yakho okufanele ikunikeze futhi ikujabulele.
Hacker
Kukhuluma ngokujwayelekile «individuos especiales» ukuthi bathanda ukwenza izinto ezijwayelekile ngendlela ehlukile, engcono noma engakholeki, ukucabanga okuhlukile futhi kaningi "Ngaphandle kwebhokisi". Lokhu kuvame ukuba nekhwalithi yokuthanda ukufunda, ukufundisa abanye, nokuncintisana. Konke ukuze kuzuzwe ushintsho olwengeza injabulo, inqubekela phambili, inkululeko, ukuzimela, ubumfihlo nokuvikeleka, okomuntu siqu nokuhlangene kwawo wonke umuntu. Ngakho-ke, ngokuyisisekelo uHacker umuntu ocabanga futhi enze izinto ezingcono ngokuthanda iningi.
Yize ngokuvamile ithemu «Hacker» kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisa ku- «expertos IT, profesionales o autodidactas» abakujabulele ukungena kwezinhlelo zobuchwepheshe ukukhombisa amakhono abo wekhompyutha phambi kwamalungu omphakathi wabo, futhi abavame ukulwa no "quasi-engabonakali uhlelo lwenkantolo yengcindezelo yomhlaba" emelwe, imvamisa yizinkampani nohulumeni. Futhi zehlukile «Crackers» lokho futhi Bangongoti be-IT, abaqeqeshiwe noma abazifundisayo, abangena ngesinyenyela balimaze amasistimu ekhompyutha ngezinhloso zobugebengu.
I-JedIT
«JedIT» imvamisa yigama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza labo bantu abasendaweni ye-Informatics neComputing abavamise ukuba njalo «una mezcla de los 3 anteriores conceptos mencionados». Lokho kusho ukuthi, ihlose labochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe abathanda ngokweqile ukuhlala besesikhathini, bazi futhi bazi kahle okusha, okubanda kunazo zonke, okuyimfashini kunazo zonke i-IC.
Ukwenza ukusetshenziswa kokutadisha okujulile nokwenza njalo, ngezindlela zobungcweti noma zokuzifundisa, ukuthola ulwazi namakhono adingekayo endaweni yezobuchwepheshe. Futhi bavame ukugqama kwabanye, kozakwabo abasebenza nabo nakubalingani babo, ngenxa yomqondo wabo «Hacker», okungukuthi, ukwenza nokucabanga izinto ezihlukile, ukufuna ukwabelana, ukufunda ukufundisa, nokuncintisana kakhulu.
Ikhompyutha
La«Computación» kubhekisa ocwaningweni lwesayensi olwenziwe kuma-automated information management systems, okwenziwa ngamathuluzi aklanyelwe le nhloso. I-Computing ibhekisa kubuchwepheshe uqobo obuvumela ukuphathwa nokuhamba kolwazi kuze kufike kule sayensi noma lolu lwazi kanye nasezisekelweni zemibono yolwazi olucubungulwa ngamakhompyutha, kanye nokuqaliswa okuhlukile ngendlela yohlelo lwekhompyutha.
Leli gama «Computación» Inomsuka wayo egameni lesiLatini elithi computatio. Leli gama lisivumela ukuthi sibhekane nomqondo we-computation njengokubala noma ukubalwa, kepha ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa njenge «sinónimo de informática». Ngale ndlela, kungashiwo ukuthi ukubalwa kwekhompyutha kuhlanganisa ulwazi nezindlela zesayensi.
IT
La «Informática» isiyalo sesayensi esigxile ekutadisheni ukucubungula ulwazi okuzenzakalelayo nokunengqondo ngokusebenzisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi kagesi kanye nezinhlelo zamakhompiyutha. Yigama lekhompyutha noma isifinyezo esivela kule nkulumo ngesiFulentshi «automatique d’informations», eyakhiwe ngunjiniyela uPhilippe Dreyfus wenkampani yakhe «Société d’Informatique Appliquée» e 1962.
Esichazamazwini seRoyal Spanish Academy, ikhompyutha ichazwa njenge:
"Isethi yolwazi lwesayensi nezobuchwepheshe elenza ukuthi kube nokwenzeka ukucubungula imininingwane ngokuzenzekelayo ngamakhompyutha."
Ciencia
La «Ciencia» Kuyisethi yolwazi ehlelwe ngendlela ehlelekile etholakala ekubukeni, ekuhlolweni nasekucabangeni ezindaweni ezithile. Kungenxa yalokhu kunqwabelana kolwazi lapho kwenziwa imicabango, imibuzo, izikimu, imithetho nezimiso. Futhi-ke, ilawulwa izindlela ezithile eziqukethe uchungechunge lwemithetho nezinyathelo.
Ngenxa yokusebenzisa okunzima nokuqinile kwalokhu «métodos» Ukucabanga okuvela ezinqubeni zophenyo kuqinisekisiwe, kunikezwa «rigor científico» eziphethweni ezitholakele. Kungakho iziphetho ezisuselwa ekuqaphelisweni kwesayensi nasekuhlolweni ziqinisekisiwe futhi zinenhloso.
Ubuchwepheshe
La «Tecnología» Kungumkhiqizo wesayensi lapho umuntu efunda, ahlaziye, alungise futhi abheke ezinye izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuthola impilo ephelele, ephephile, enokuthula neyamanje, eqhubekayo, emisha, ekuziphendukeleni okuphelele nasekuguqulweni kwezimboni ezahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele, kusuka ekuthuthukisweni kwansuku zonke kokuphila kuya kwezinzima kakhulu.
La «Tecnología» Kuyisethi yolwazi namathuluzi umuntu akhulisa ngawo imvelo engcono, enempilo, ejabulisa kakhulu futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke enethezekile ekwenzeni impilo ibe ngcono. Ubuchwepheshe buhlanganisa inqubo yokwenza ngcono isikhala nezinguquko ezahlukahlukene ezenzeke emakhulwini eminyaka amuva nje, ezolimo, ezezimboni, ezedijithali nezinye ezizayo. Leli gama lakhiwa amagama amabili esiGreki athi «Tekne» okusho amasu, ubuciko kanye «logia» lokho kunikeza ukuhunyushwa kwekhono, okungukuthi, leyo inqubo noma ikhono lokuthile noma okuthile.
Ukwaziswa kwesimanje
I-Las «Tecnologías de la Información (TI)» zivame ukuchazwa njengeqoqo lezinqubo nemikhiqizo ehlobene nokugcinwa, ukucutshungulwa, ukuvikelwa, ukuqapha, ukubuyisa kanye nokudluliswa kolwazi okufakwa ngekhompuyutha zombili zombili zombili nangokobuchwepheshe. Futhi kusukela kwavela i-Intanethi, isici sokuxhumana sifakwe kakhulu kwi-IT, ehlanganisa izindawo ezibanzi, ngaphansi kwegama elaziwa njenge «Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC)».
Ngendlela yokuthi «Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC)» kungumphumela wokusebenzisana «Informática» futhi i «Telecomunicaciones». Konke, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukucubungulwa, ukugcinwa nokudluliswa kolwazi ngaphansi kwanoma yikuphi okuphakathi nefomethi (umbhalo, umsindo, ividiyo nezithombe, phakathi kokunye).
Kuqondwa ngu «Telecomunicaciones» kusethi yamasu avumela ukuxhumana kude, amamitha noma izigidi zamakhilomitha futhi njenge «Telecomunicación» ekuqondisweni okugxile ekwakhiweni, ekutadisheni, ekuthuthukisweni nasekuxhashazweni kwezinhlelo ezenza ukuxhumana kube nokwenzeka.
Ulwazi Lwekhompyutha Nekhompyutha
Emkhakheni we «la Informática y la Computación» baningi abaphila kodwa a «JedIT» ivelele ngoba imvamisa iqala ekuqaleni endaweni, futhi iqhubeka futhi ikhule kancane kancane ifaka phakathi futhi ifake ulwazi olukhulu kakhulu lwendawo ngayinye. Ngenxa yalokho, kuhle «JedIT» imvamisa iyazi futhi ilukhuni ngezinga elithile ulwazi oluhlobene nalezi zigaba ezilandelayo ze- «la Informática y la Computación»:
Ukusekelwa okufundisayo
- Ulwazi olujwayelekile lwemicabango kanye namagama ahlobene nezindawo ze:
- Isayensi Nobuchwepheshe.
- Ikhompyutha kanye nolwazi.
- Ezokuxhumana kanye nolwazi.
Njenge:
- I-Telematics.
- Inethiwekhi yekhompyutha (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN).
- I-inthanethi ne-Intranet.
- Isizinda sethiyori kanye nokwenziwa kokwakhiwa okuyisisekelo kweKhompyutha / Ikhompyutha (Hardware):
Njenge:
- Yini iComputer?
- Yini iSeva?.
- Izinto zeKhompiyutha: IKhabinethi (Ikesi), Ukunikezwa Kwamandla (Ukunikezwa Kwamandla), I-Motherboard (I-Motherboard), iProsesa (i-CPU), Imemori (Imemori), Isikrini (Isibonisi / Ukuqapha), Ikhibhodi (Ikhibhodi), Imouse (Imouse) , Iphrinta.
- Ukuhlangana, ukufakwa, ukumiswa, nokugcinwa kokuvikela kanye nokulungisa amaComputer (Ideskithophu, iselula nephathekayo) kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukile, ezentengiso noma cha, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.
- Ukulawulwa kwemiqondo yamaSystem, Izinhlelo kanye ne-Applications (Software), ubukhulu bawo, ukulinganiselwa nokwehluka:
Njenge:
- Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Ezizimele Nezivalwayo, kanye Nezinhlelo Zokusebenza Ezimahhala Nezimfihlakalo, kanye nezinhlelo zabo zomdabu noma ze-multiplatform, ezihambisanayo futhi eziwusizo.
- Isilinganiso noma ubungcweti obuphezulu ngenhla
- Internet
- I-Office Suites yangasese neyamahhala
- Izinsiza zesoftware yangasese nevaliwe, kanye nesoftware yamahhala nevulekile.
- Imiyalo Yesikhumulo seWindows neLinux
- Ukubhala iWindows neLinux
Amanethiwekhi kanye nezokuxhumana
- Ubuciko bethiyori nokwenza komklamo nokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi noma ipulatifomu yekhompyutha:
- Izinhlobo zezintambo nezigaba zazo
- I-cabling ehlelekile
- Izakhiwo ze-Network: Point-to-point, client-server, hierarchical client-server, isakazwe.
- Uhlobo Lwamanethiwekhi: Ibhasi, Inkanyezi, Okuxutshiwe, Indandatho, Isihlahla, I-Double Ring Mesh, Ixhunyiwe.
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi
- Ukukhuluma Ngenethiwekhi
- Imodeli ye-TCP ne-OSI
- I-CISCO CCNA Model Nobuchwepheshe
- Ishintsha
- Ama-routers
- I-fiber ebonakalayo
- Izixhumanisi zeMicrowave
- Ukuxhumana ngesathelayithi
- I-Telephony
- Ucingo oluphakathi
- Amaseva Ezokuxhumana
- Izwi le-IP
Amaseva neSikhungo Sedatha
- Isizinda sethiyori kanye nokwenziwa kokwakhiwa nezakhi zeDatha Center (Idatha Yesikhungo):
- Izingxenyekazi zekhompyutha (Izingxenye Zangaphakathi)
- Izinhlobo, izinhlobo namamodeli weServers (Associated Technology)
- I-Hardware Center yedatha
- Isakhiwo kanye Nokumiswa Kwezikhungo Zedatha
- Izigaba Zesikhungo Sedatha
- Imininingwane (TIER) Yezikhungo Zedatha
- Imithetho Yesikhungo Sedatha
- Ukufaka, ukumisa kanye nezincomo zokusetshenziswa kwamaseva
- Ukugcinwa nokuvuselelwa kwamaseva
- Izipele Zeseva
- I-RAID yi-SW & HW yamaseva
- Ukwahlukanisa, Ithebula lefayela, neThebula Lokuhlukanisa iDiski
- Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Kweseva
- Ukutshalwa Kwezimali, Ukuxega, Ukukhula Nokufaka Esikhundleni Samaseva
- Idatha Chip
- Ukuphathwa kwe-NAS ne-SAN
- Ukuphathwa kwe-ASA ne-Firewall
- Ukufaka nokuphatha ama-DMZ nama-VPNs
- Ukutholakala okuphezulu
- I-Cloud Computing
- Ukufakwa Nokulawulwa Kwamapulatifomu we-Virtualization and Technologies: Xen, Promox, VMware, VirtualBox, KVM, Citrix Xen Server.
- Ukuphathwa Kwezicelo, Amasistimu Nezinsizakalo: I-DHCP, i-DNS, i-PROXY, i-MAIL, i-IDS / i-IPS, i-Massive SMS, iWebhu (i-Apache / Nginx), i-Database (Postgresql / Mysql / MariaDB), i-Development (PHP), i-Backups (i-Rsync, i-Bacula) , Logs (Logrotate), Repositories, Shared Folders (SAMBA), NTP, phakathi kwabanye.
Ukufakwa Nokuphathwa Kwazo Zonke ku-1 Solutions: IredMail / Zimbra, Zabbix / Pandora / Nagios / Cacti, OwnCloud / NextCloud, Pfsense / Ipfire, GLPI / OSC Inventory, OpenMediaVault / FreeNAS, phakathi kwabanye.
Ukuhlela kanye Nentuthuko
- Ukuphathwa kombono we-theory nokusebenza kwe-Application Development and Software Engineering process:
- Ingqondo
Ama-algorithms - Amaseva wewebhu: Apache, Nginx
- Imininingwane: I-PostgreSQL, i-MySQL neMaríadb, phakathi kwabanye.
- Izilimi zokuhlela ezisezingeni eliphakeme neziphansi (HTML, PHP, PERL, Python, C, C ++, C #, Go, JavaScript, MATLAB, R, Ruby, Rust, Scala, Shell, phakathi kwabanye.
- Isoftware ehlobene nokuthuthuka kwesoftware (Abahleli nezindawo ezihlanganisiwe zentuthuko).
- Izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza: Okomdabu, iWebhu, iHybrid, iWebhu eqhubekayo kanye nokusatshalaliswa.
- Izinsiza zewebhu: XML, SOAP, WSDL, UDDI.
- Konke njengesevisi (XaaS): i-SaaS, i-PaaS, i-IaaS.
Ukuphepha Kwamakhompiyutha, Ukuthungatha Abasebenzi Nokugenca Ngokuziphatha
- Ukulawulwa kombono nokusebenza kwalezi zindawo:
- Usongo, Izingozi, Isigameko.
- Ukuphepha Kwemvelo
- Izindlela zokuvikela nezindlela zokuthola
- Izici Zezomthetho Zokuvikeleka Kwamakhompyutha
- I-Computer forensics
- Ukuhlolwa Kwekhompyutha
- Ukuphathwa Kwezokuphepha kwe-IT
- Ukubhala: I-Shell Script, i-Powershell, i-Javascript ne-VBscript
- Izindlela Zokungena Kwamasistimu, Izindlela Nezicelo
- Ubunjiniyela Nobunhloli Kwezenhlalo
Ukuphathwa kwe-IT ne-IT
- Ukulawulwa kombono kanye nokwenza kwezinqubo zokuphatha ezihambisana nomkhakha wezobuchwepheshe kanye ne-IT:
- Ukuqapha, ukuhlaziya kanye nokubona kusengaphambili kwezobuchwepheshe.
- Ukuhlelwa kwentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe.
- Ukwakhiwa kwamasu wokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe.
- Ukukhonjwa, ukuhlolwa nokukhethwa kobuchwepheshe.
- Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha.
- Izingxoxo, ukutholwa kanye nenkontileka yobuchwepheshe.
- Ukuhweba ngobuchwepheshe bezinkampani.
- Ukwenza amalungelo obunikazi
- Ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe.
- Ukukhethwa nokuqeqeshwa kwabeluleki bezobuchwepheshe nabaqhubi.
- Ukuphathwa kwamaphrojekthi ocwaningo nentuthuko.
- Ukunikezwa nokuhlolwa kolwazi lobuchwepheshe.
Okokugcina, okuhle "JedIT" zizohlala zikhona noma zizozama ukuhlakulela ulwazi lwazo oluhlobene noku:
Amasiko Jikelele Wezesayensi Nezobuchwepheshe
- Izibalo
- Isimo
- I-physics
- I-Chemistry
- Ugesi
- Electronics
Amasiko Jikelele Wobuntu
- Filosofía
- I-Psychology
- Ezemvelo Nokongiwa Kwemvelo
- historia
Isiphetho
Impela abanye balabo abafunda le ndatshana bazozibona bebonakalisiwe namuhla noma befisa ukuzibona ngendlela enjalo, njengo «JedIT» Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ngenxa yokuthi izimo zabo zengqondo zamanje kanye namandla abo ahlanganisa kokubili ulwazi nokuziphatha nalezo ze- a «JedIT».
Yikuphi okuhle, ngoba umhlaba ubuswa ubuchwepheshe obudalwe ososayensi abasezingeni eliphezulu kanye nochwepheshe kwezobuchwepheshe kwezentengiselwano nezepolitiki, futhi ngokujwayelekile, thina ngandlela thile singabanye noma sizicabangela thina un «Geek», «Nerd», «Hacker» o «JedIT» imvamisa siletha ulwazi lwethiyori-olusebenzayo kubantu abaningi ngandlela thile, enye ye- «la Informática y la Computación» noma yimuphi omunye umkhakha wokuphila, nganoma iyiphi indlela, izikhathi eziningi ngisho kalula «blogueando».
Noma kunjalo, umhlaba udinga okuningi «Geeks», «Nerds», «Hackers» y «JedITs»Ngakho-ke, sikulindile ngapha kwamandla. Ikakhulukazi amandla ahlobene ne-Free Software noMthombo Ovulekile, okuncoma ukuthi uqhubeke nokufunda okwethu «Blog DesdeLinux» bese ubheka uhlu lwe- my Imibhalo eyenziwe eminyakeni emibili edlule ku-Informatics naku-Computing.