Izindaba zavela ukuthi abacwaningi abavela enyuvesi yaseBelgium KU Leuven (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) iqhekeze eyodwa kwama-algorithms wokubethela amane kunconywe yi-US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) isebenzisa ikhompuyutha enomgogodla owodwa we-Intel Xeon processor, ekhishwe ngo-2013.
I-algorithm, ebizwa SIKE (I-Supersingular Isogeny Key Encapsulation), ibinqobe iningi lomncintiswano kusukela ku-NIST ukuze kuthuthukiswe ama-algorithms wokubethela amelana ne-quantum. Nokho, yaqhekeka kalula abacwaningi.
Ngenyanga edlule, NIST umemezele abaphumelele umncintiswano unyaka ukuthuthukisa izindinganiso ezintsha zokubethela, eziklanyelwe ukuvikela usongo lokucatshangelwa (okwamanje) olungakaqanjwa: amakhompyutha we-quantum.
Kubikezelwa ukuthi le hardware ngolunye usuku izoba namandla kangangokuthi ingakwazi ukuhlukanisa kalula ukubethela kokhiye womphakathi wamanje, kuhlanganise namazinga afana ne-RSA kanye ne-Diffie-Hellman. Ukuze ugweme lolu songo lwesikhathi esizayo, uhulumeni wase-US utshale imali ekudaleni izindinganiso ezintsha zokubethela ezingamelana nokuhlaselwa kwehardware yezinsuku ezizayo.
I-NIST ikhethe ama-algorithms wokubethela amane ekholelwa ukuthi ahlinzeka ngokuvikela okwanele futhi ehlela ukuwamisa. Lo mqhudelwano ubusuneminyaka usungulwa futhi ubandakanya inqwaba yabaqhudelana nabo emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngemva kokukhethwa kwabane abangene kowamanqamu, i-NIST iphinde yamemezela ukuthi abanye abane abaqokiwe babhekwa njengabangase bangenele ukhetho lokumiswa. I-SIKE (I-Supersingular Isogeny Key Encapsulation) ibingomunye wabaphumelele umqhudelwano we-NIST, kodwa i-cyberattack esanda kutholwa ikwazile ukuhlakaza i-SIKE kalula.
Kepha, ikhompuyutha eqale ukuhlasela ibikude nekhompyutha ye-quantum: Kwakuyi-PC eyodwa ewumgogodla (okusho ukuthi inamandla amancane kune-PC yakudala), futhi kuthathe ihora kuphela ukuze umshini omncane ufeze umsebenzi onjalo.
Lokhu kuxhaphaza kutholwe abacwaningi abavela eqenjini leComputer Security and Industrial Cryptography (CSIS) e-KU Leuven University. I-SIKE ihlanganisa i-algorithm yokubethela kokhiye osesidlangalaleni kanye nendlela yokugoqa yokhiye, ngayinye ifakwe amasethi amapharamitha amane: SIKEp434, SIKEp503, SIKEp610, kanye ne-SIKEp751.
“Isebenza ngomgogodla owodwa, ikhodi ye-Magma enamathiselwe isula izithiyo ze-SIKE's $IKEp182 kanye nezingu-$IKEp217 cishe emizuzwini emi-4 neyesi-6, ngokulandelana. Ukugijima kumapharamitha we-SIKEp434, phambilini obekucatshangwa ukuthi kuhambisana ne-NIST Quantum Security Level 1, kuthathe cishe imizuzu engama-62, kusekumgogodla owodwa,” kubhala abacwaningi.
Abathuthukisi be-SIKE banikeze umklomelo ka-$50,000 kunoma ubani ongakwazi ukuwuqhekeza.
“Ubuthakathaka obusanda kutholwa ngokusobala bulimaza i-SIKE. Ukuhlasela bekungalindelekile ngempela,” kusho uDavid Jao, omunye wabadali be-algorithm.
Abacwaningi be-CSIS benze ikhodi yabo ibe sesidlangalaleni, kanye nemininingwane yokucubungula kwayo: i-Intel Xeon E5-2630v2 CPU engu-2,60 GHz. Le chip ikhishwe ngo-Q2013 22, isebenzisa izakhiwo ze-Intel's Ivy Bridge kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza engu-XNUMXnm. I-chip inikeze ama-cores ayisithupha, kodwa amahlanu awo awazange aphazamiseke ngale nselele.
Odabeni olushicilelwe ngempelasonto, Abacwaningi be-CSIS bachaza ukuthi babhekana nale nkinga ngombono wezibalo kuphela, ukuhlasela inhliziyo yomklamo we-algorithm esikhundleni sobungozi obungaba khona bekhodi. Bakwazile ukuqhekeza i-SIKE ngokuhlasela i-algorithm yayo yokubethela eyisisekelo, i-Supersingular Isogeny Diffie-Hellman (SIDH). I-SIDH ingaba sengozini yethiyori ethi "namathisela futhi uhlukanise", eyathuthukiswa ngo-1997 isazi sezibalo u-Ernst Kani, enamathuluzi ezibalo engeziwe aklanywe ngo-2000. Lokhu kuhlasela kusebenzisa amajika ohlobo 2 ukuze kuhlaselwe amajika ayi-elliptic.
"Ukuhlasela kusebenzisa iqiniso lokuthi i-SIDH inamaphuzu asizayo nokuthi izinga le-isogeny eyimfihlo liyaziwa. Amaphuzu asizayo ku-SIDH abelokhu eyinkathazo kanye nokuba buthakathaka okungaba khona, futhi asetshenziswe ekuhlaselweni okungalungile, ukuhlasela kwe-GPST okuguquguqukayo, ukuhlaselwa kwamaphuzu ama-twist, njll. kuchaza uSteven Galbraith, uprofesa wezibalo eNyuvesi yase-Auckland. Kithina sonke, lokhu konke kusho ukuthi abacwaningi basebenzisa izibalo ukuze bathole uhlelo lokubethela lwe-SIKE futhi bakwazi ukubikezela, bese belulama, okhiye balo bokubethela.
Ngemizamo yabo ne-athikili yabo enesihloko esithi "Ukuhlasela Okuphumelelayo Kokubuyisela Ukhiye ku-SIDH (Ukuhlola Kuqala)", abacwaningi bazothola umklomelo ka-$50,000 ohlinzekwa yi-Microsoft nontanga yayo.
Ekugcineni, uma ukhona unentshisekelo yokwazi okwengeziwe ngayo, ungabheka imininingwane Kulesi sixhumanisi esilandelayo.