Ungalufunda kanjani ulimi usebenzisa isoftware yamahhala - ingxenye 1

Este isihloko kuzoba kuqala of a serie lapho ngizochaza khona ungafunda kanjani ulimi olusha ngendlela emnandi futhi usebenzise isoftware yamahhala. Akuyona enye indlela, kepha indlela ye- INDLELA ENGCONO engiyaziyo ukufunda ulimi, engizamile futhi okunenzuzo eyengeziwe yokuncika ngokuphelele kumathuluzi wamahhala futhi avulekile.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi izinhlelo ezifana neRosetta noma i-Livemocha noma i-Busuu online services zingamathuluzi noma izindlela ezingcono zokufunda ulimi olusha, ngiyakuqinisekisa ukuthi uzoshintsha umqondo wakho.

Kukho konke lokhu kufundisa okubanzi, okwathi ngezizathu ezizwakalayo nginqume ukuhlukanisa kube izingxenye eziningana, sizohlaziya amanye amathuluzi azokusiza ezicini ezahlukahlukene ezithintekayo lapho ufunda ulimi.

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale

Umkhuba onconyiwe ngaphambi kokuqala ukufunda noma yiluphi ulimi ukufunda ifayili le- Alphabet International Ifonethiki (IPA, ngesifinyezo sayo esiNgisini). Le alfabhethi ivumela ukwazi ukubizwa okulungile kwanoma yiliphi igama kunoma yiluphi ulimi. Eqinisweni, kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele, engxenyeni enkulu yezichazamazwi, ukubizwa kwayo kubonakala kubhaliwe ku-alfabhethi eliseduze kwegama ngalinye.

Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, lapho sibheka ireferensi igama lesiFulentshi "maison", okulandelayo kuvela: maison [mƐzÕ] bese kuba nezincazelo ezahlukahlukene. Lezo zimpawu ezingavamile eziseduze negama zikhomba, njengoba besesishilo, ukubizwa kwayo okulungile ku-IPA.

Ngenkathi ngisakholelwa ukuthi ukufunda i-IPA kubalulekile, namuhla akusadingeki ngenxa yamathuluzi amaningi wokuguqula umbhalo ube inkulumo (TTS noma Umbhalo ube yiNkulumo). Kunamathuluzi amaningi wamahhala walokhu, esivele siwahlaziye ngokujulile kwezinye izikhathi (Isigaba 1, Isigaba 2). Ungasebenzisa futhi i-Google Translator ukuguqula umbhalo ube inkulumo. Kumele uchofoze inkinobho enesimo sesipikha, ngezansi kwesikhala lapho kufakwa khona umbhalo ohumushiwe.

Uhlelo lolimi

I-Grammar yilokho okuncane kokufunda ulimi cishe wonke umuntu aluzondayo. Kodwa-ke, ingumlingani omkhulu ngoba yenza umsebenzi wokufunda ulimi ube lula kakhulu. Esikhundleni sokufunda amagama awodwa, sifunda ukuwasebenzisa ndawonye futhi siqonde ukuxhumana kwawo. Lokhu kuvumela, isibonelo, ukuthi ngokufunda izabizwana ezihlobene singawaqonda ndawonye, ​​sisonke, ngaleyo ndlela sithuthukise ukuqonda kwethu ngawo kanye namandla okuwakhumbula futhi siwasebenzise kahle.

Ukufunda uhlelo lolimi, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesenzo, izici ezimbili ezibalulekile lapho ufunda noma yiluphi ulimi, kunamakhulu amakhasi e-web atholakalayo, ikakhulukazi uma kumayelana nezilimi ezidumile njengesiNgisi, iSpanish, isiFulentshi, isiShayina, njll.

Ngakho-ke, kuleli phuzu, awekho amathuluzi amaningi amahhala angasisiza ngoba yize singenakwenza ngaphandle kohlelo lolimi, ayikho enye indlela yokulufunda ngaphandle kokwazi imithetho yalo. Okufanayo kwenzeka ngokuhlanganiswa kwezenzi ezijwayelekile: imvamisa kufanele ukhumbule imithetho yokuhlanganiswa kokuphela ngakunye nesikhathi sesenzo ngasinye.

Izinhlu zamagama ezenziwa njalo

Uhlu lwamagama ajwayelekile olimini, noma ngabe yikuphi, ngumthombo obaluleke kakhulu wokufunda. Kungani? Ngesizathu esilula sokuthi inani elincane lamagama lisetshenziswe kaninginingi kuzo zonke izilimi, futhi uma uqala ukwazi lawo magama, amandla akho okufunda nokuqonda azobe ethuthuke kakhulu, njengoba esedle inani elilinganiselwe lalokhu. yesikhathi.

Kunezifundo, isibonelo, ezithi amagama okuqala asetshenziswa kakhulu esiNgisini angama-2000 akha cishe ama-80% emibhalo oyothola. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma uwazi lawo magama, cishe uzowuqonda kakhulu umbhalo.

Mayelana naleli phuzu, kuyathakazelisa ukusho ukuthi izifundo ezibucayi kakhulu "ngokutholakala kwe-lexical", ebezifuna ukuhlela ngokushesha nangempumelelo ukufundiswa kolimi njengolimi lwangaphandle, kwehlukanise phakathi kwamagama ajwayelekile namagama akhona.

Amagama ajwayelekile abuyekezwa kunoma yisiphi isimo sokuxhumana, ngaphandle kwesihloko okuxoxwe ngaso (yingakho abizwa nangezibalo). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amagama atholakalayo asetshenziswa kaningi kepha avuselelwa kuphela nge-thematic ezimeni ezithile zokuxhumana lapho kudingeka khona ukudlulisa imininingwane ngesihloko esithile (abizwa ngokuthi yi-thematic ngoba ancike esihlokweni).

Kungalesi sizathu kubalulekile ukuthola imithombo EMIHLE yamagama ajwayelekile, aqukethe hhayi kuphela "amagama ajwayelekile" (i-athematic) kepha namanye "amagama atholakalayo" (noma i-thematic).

I-Wikipedia iwumthombo omuhle kakhulu wokuthola "uhlu lwamagama ashisayo" ngolimi ofuna ukulifunda. Kwezinye izimo, inezinhlu eziningi, ezivela emithonjeni ehlukene (imibhalo engezansi yama-movie, iWiktionary, iProject Gutenberg, njll.).

Inqubo yokucwilisa

Indlela enhle yokufunda ulimi iyefana naleyo oyisebenzise ngenkathi umncane ukufunda ulimi lwakho lwendabuko: ukucwiliswa. Lokho kusho ukuthi kufanele uzame ukucabanga, ukukhuluma, ukufunda, ukubhala… ngegama elilodwa, wenze konke ngalolo limi. Kungalesi sizathu abaningi bethi indlela engcono yokufunda ulimi ukuhambela kwelinye izwe. Yilapho lapho umuntu ephoqeleka khona ukuthi asebenzise ulimi, kungakhathalekile amaphutha aphawulwayo, njengoba nje senzile siseyizingane.

Ngenhlanhla, kunamathuluzi amaningana wokufunda izilimi kusetshenziswa le ndlela. Okungokwemvelo "ngokombono wami ukusebenzisa izandiso zeFirefox noma iChannel. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma okuningi kwalokho okufundayo kuku-Inthanethi, okuvame kakhulu namuhla njengoba sichitha isikhathi esiningi sivula i-Intanethi: ukufunda izindaba, ukubheka i-imeyili, ukufuna imininingwane, njll.

Ku-Chrome esinayo Ukucwiliswa kolimi, isandiso esishintsha amagama athile nemishwana ekhasini esilibukayo futhi siwahumushele olimini oluthandayo. Yize leli thuluzi lingagxili ngokuphelele, lisivumela ukuthi sifunde amagama ngokwemvelo futhi cishe ngaphandle kokukuqaphela. KuFirefox, umphumela ofanayo ungatholakala ngokusebenzisa isandiso esibizwa ngokuthi I-Foxreplace.

Ukufeza ulwazi oluphelele lokuntywila, ngincoma ithuluzi eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kepha futhi elinamandla kakhulu elibiziwe Ukufunda ngemibhalo (noma i-LWT).

Ukufunda ngemibhalo

Umqondo walolu hlelo ulula kakhulu: indlela engcono yokufunda ulimi olusha ukufunda… futhi uma kungosizo lolu hlelo, kungcono kakhulu.

Ake sithi sifunda incwadi. Imvamisa, lapho sifunda ulimi olusha esikwenzayo ukudwebela amagama esingawazi bese siwabheka esichazamazwini. Ekugcineni, sihlanganise uhlu olunamagama amasha nezincazelo zawo futhi sazama ukuwabamba ngekhanda ngandlela thile.

I-LWT ibhekele ukusiza leyo nqubo. Umqondo ukukopisha umbhalo kusuka kuwebhu bese ukunamathisela kuhlelo. Lapho-ke, lapho "sifunda" umbhalo, sidinga kuphela ukuchofoza kumagama esingazi ukufaka incazelo yawo. Lokhu kuzokondla uhlu lwethu lwamagama amasha, kepha into ethakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi azovela ngokuzenzakalela amakwe emibhalweni elandelayo esiyinamathisela ku-LWT futhi sizokwazi ukufinyelela incazelo yayo ngenkathi sifunda. Okuwukuphela kokubi engikuthole kulolu hlelo ukuthi, okwamanje, akuboni ukwahluka kwamagama (ubulili, inombolo, ukuhlanganiswa kwezenzo, njll.), Ngakho-ke okwehlukile kuthathwa njengegama elihlukile (le isibonelo: "indlu", "izindlu", njll.).

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-LWT ikuvumela ukuthi useshe ngokuzenzakalela kwizichazamazwi ezi-2 ezihlukile, futhi into emangalisayo ukuthi kungaba yibo esibathanda kakhulu. Ukwenza lokhu, kukuvumela ukuthi umise i-URL yokusesha yezichazamazwi. Futhi, sengathi lokhu bekunganele, kukuvumela ukuthi uhumushe umusho usebenzisa i-Google Translator. Lokhu kuyindlela enhle lapho umongo wegama ubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda incazelo yawo yangempela.

Ngokufanayo, i-LWT ikuvumela ukuthi unamathisele umsindo kumbhalo ngamunye. Ngale ndlela, uma sinomsindo nokubhalwa kwawo, singafunda umbhalo ngenkathi siwulalele. I-LWT ikuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise umsindo futhi usiyise ngqo endaweni yombhalo ohambisanayo. Ukuphela kwento entulekayo ukuba ithuluzi eliphelele kungaba yikhono lokushintsha ijubane lokudlala, eliwusizo kakhulu uma umuntu ofunda umbhalo ewenza ngokushesha okukhulu.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umthombo wama-audios + imibhalo okufanele ubhekwe ngu- LingQ. Ngikuthola kulinganiselwe, ngoba ngithanda imibhalo emide, kepha kuyindlela enhle kulabo abasanda kuqala.

Ekugcineni, i-LWT inesigaba sokufunda amagama sisebenzisa indlela "yokuphindaphinda okuhlukanisiwe" (Ukuphindaphinda okuhlukanisiwe). Ngamafuphi, le ndlela isuselwa ohlelweni oludala lwamakhadi (lapho sibeka khona igama elizofundwa ngakolunye uhlangothi nencazelo kolunye) ngomehluko ukuthi imvamisa esibabona ngayo isuselwa kuyo imithetho yokubamba ngekhanda esizokuxoxa ngokujula ngokwengeziwe esahlukweni esilandelayo, lapho sikhuluma ngo-Anki.

Ngokuvamile, i-LWT ikuvumela ukuthi ungeze imibhalo, ungeze amagama nezincazelo zayo, ulalele imibhalo nokuphinyiselwa kwamagama, ufunde imibhalo ngokufinyelela ngokushesha izincazelo zamagama bese ubona njengoba sifunda ukuthi yimaphi amagama esiwazi kakhulu nokuncane. Njengokungathi konke lokhu bekunganele, kukuvumela ukuthi ufunde amagama asuselwa kwimithetho yokubamba ngekhanda. Akunakushiwo ukuthi, isekela izilimi EZININGI futhi ivumela ukungeza hhayi amagama kuphela kepha nemishwana nezinkulumo, kufaka phakathi konke umongo noma umusho lapho wawufakwe khona ekuqaleni.

Ukuqonda kangcono ukusebenza kwayo kweqiniso nokusebenza, ngiphakamisa ukuthi ubuke le vidiyo elandelayo.

Faka i-LWT

I-LWT isoftware yamahhala futhi isuselwe kubuchwepheshe bamahhala obufana ne-HTML, CSS, Javascript, JQuery, njll. Lokhu kunezinzuzo zako, hhayi kuphela "ngokuziphatha" kepha futhi kuyasebenza. Ukuba isevisi yewebhu, ingasetshenziswa kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, ngesizathu esifanayo, kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwesiphakeli sewebhu ukuze sisebenze.

Nazi ezinye izindlela ezimbili:

a) lungiselela iseva yewebhu, ezosivumela ukuthi sikwazi ukufinyelela ku-LWT kunoma yimuphi umshini, noma kuphi emhlabeni. Ngemiyalo ethe xaxa yokuthi ungakwenza kanjani, ngiphakamisa ukuthi ngifunde i- Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-LWT.

b) lungiselela iseva yendawo, ezosivumela ukuthi sikwazi ukufinyelela ku-LWT kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha noma idivayisi exhunywe kunethiwekhi yethu yasendaweni.

Endabeni yami ethile, inketho b) yiyona evumelana kangcono nezidingo zami.

Faka ifayela le- iwebhusayithi ye-servidor kuLinux kuyinto elula kunazo zonke emhlabeni:

1.- Landa I-XAMPP yeLinux.

2.- Unzip kufolda / opt

tar xvfz xampp-linux-1.8.1.tar.gz -C / opt

3.- Qala i-XAMPP. Lokhu kuzoqala i-Apache ne-MySQL.

sudo / opt / lampp / lampp qala

Umlayezo onjengokulandelayo kufanele uvele:

Iqala i-XAMPP 1.8.1 ... LAMPP: Iqala i-Apache ... LAMPP: Iqala i-MySQL ... i-LAMPP iqale.

Uma sikubona kunesidingo, singakha isixhumanisi esithambile ukwenza lula ukwenziwa kwaso:

ln -s / opt / lampp / lampp / usr / bin / xampp

Ngakho-ke, kuzokwanela ukwenza Sudo xampp qala ngaphandle kokukhumbula indawo yakho.

En Arch kanye nokuphuma kokunye, kungenzeka ukufaka i-XAMPP usebenzisa inqubo efanayo, noma kunendlela elula:

Yourt -S xampp

bese

Sudo xampp qala

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kusebenza kahle, vele uvule isiphequluli sakho se-Intanethi bese uthayipha: localhost. Kufanele sibone ikhasi lokumiswa kwe-XAMPP.

Ikhasi eliyinhloko le-XAMPP.

4.- Ekugcineni ukuphela kwento engekho landa i-LWT, yivule uziphu bese uyikopisha kufolda ye-htdocs ngaphakathi kwesiqondisi lapho i-XAMPP ikhona (/ opt / isibani)

Ungavula ifayili kuziphu kusuka kulayini womyalo

Sudo unzip lwt_v_1_4_9.zip -d / opt / lampp / htdocs

noma usebenzisa i-FileRoller noma efanayo.

5.- Qamba kabusha ifayela connect_xampp.inc.php

mv connect_xamp.inc.php connect.inc.php

6.- Ngivule isiphequluli sakho se-inthanethi ngabhala: localhost / lwt. Voila!

Sebenzisa i-LWT

I-LWT inembile futhi ayidingi incazelo eningi.

Into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulimi esifuna ukulufunda lubhalwe esigabeni Izilimi Zami. Uma kungenjalo, mane uchofoze Ulimi Olusha. Ngemuva kwalokho, sidinga kuphela ukukhetha ulimi esifuna ukulifunda njengokuzenzakalelayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele uchofoze amamaki wokuhlola aluhlaza avela eceleni kolimi.

Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzofanela ufinyelele ifayela le- imenyu enkulu> Imibhalo yami> Umbhalo omusha ukufaka imibhalo emisha. Lapho umbhalo usufakiwe, chofoza kusithonjana esimise okwencwadi. Ukuzulazula phezu kwesithonjana kuthi Funda. Ngokuqondile, ukuchofoza kuzovula umbhalo futhi singaqala ukungeza amagama kalula ngokuchofoza amagama.

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukufaka izincazelo ngesandla, isincomo sami, njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, ukusebenzisa uhlu lwamagama oluvamile. Vele singaqhubeka nokungeza amagama amasha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lokhu akuphoqelekile, kepha kunconywa nje. Awudingi ukwenza lokhu ukusebenzisa i-LWT. Kodwa-ke, kuyahambisana nalokho esikushilo ekuqaleni kwale ndatshana: uma uqala ngokufunda amagama asetshenziswa kakhulu, uzokwazi ukuqonda imibhalo ngolimi olufunda ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ukuze ungenise izinhlu zamagama ajwayelekile ku-LWT, kuyadingeka ukuthi uguqule uhlu olutholakala ku-Wikipedia noma amanye abe umbhalo wombhalo ohlukaniswe amakhoma (CSV). Ngeminye imininingwane yokuthi ungakwenza kanjani, ngiphakamisa ukuthi ngifunde i- Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-LWT, ikakhulukazi isigaba Ngenisa Imigomo.

Yini okuzayo, okuzayo ...

Kwabakhathazekile, silindele ukuthi ku- izahluko ezilandelayo Sizobona amanye amathuluzi anamandla kakhulu wokufunda ulimi olusha, okugqama phakathi kwalo u-Anki. Futhi, sizobona ukuthi singavumelanisa kanjani i-LWT ne-Anki.

Ungakhohlwa ukushiya ukuphawula kwakho kanye nanoma iziphi izincomo kanye / noma okuhlangenwe nakho nezinye izinhlelo ezizokwengezwa ezahlukweni ezilandelayo.