Umphathi weVirtual kunye ne-virsh: Ulawulo olukude ngeSSH-Networks ze-SMB

Isalathiso ngokubanzi sothotho: Iinethiwekhi zekhompyuter zee-SMEs: Intshayelelo

Molweni zihlobo!

Siyathemba ukuba uwalandele amanqaku ethu apapashiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, angala:

• Iinethiwekhi zekhompyuter zee-SMEs: Intshayelelo
• Ukufakwa kwindawo yokusebenzela -Iinethiwekhi zekhompyuter zee-SMEs
• Iidesika zeDebian ezi-6-Inethiwekhi yekhompyuter yee-SMEs
• Ukuboniswa kwi-Debian: Intshayelelo-IiNethiwekhi zekhompyuter zee-SMB
• I-Qemu-Kvm + Umphathi weVirt-on Debian-Inethiwekhi yekhompyuter yee-SMEs
• Imiyalelo ye-virt kwi-Debian-Inethiwekhi yekhompyuter yee-SMB
• CentOS kuthungelwano lweekhompyuter kwii-SMEs
• Umyalelo wentsholongwane-Iinethiwekhi zekhompyuter zee-SME

Ngokuchanekileyo kwisithuba I-Qemu-Kvm + Umphathi weVirt-on Debian-Inethiwekhi yekhompyuter yee-SMEs, sicacisa ukuba, sinendawo yokusebenzela enye eneVirt-Manejala efakiweyo, singakwazi ukulawula ukude iihypervisors ezininzi njengoko kuyimfuneko. Oko kukuthi, kwiiseva ezinikezelwe kwi-virtualization, akunyanzelekanga ukufaka iDesktop okanye enye imeko-bume yomzobo.

Kufuneka senze iiseva ezikude njengoko kubonisiwe kuyo Ukufakwa kwindawo yokusebenzela -Iinethiwekhi zekhompyuter zee-SMEs, okanye ukhokelwe ngamanqaku alandelayo apho siza kuxubusha ngolunye usasazo olunjenge CentOS kwaye mhlawumbi I-OpenSuSE, kwaye kamva kuya kufuneka kuphela ukufaka inkxaso ye-virtualization nganye kuzo. Ngokwezinto eziphathekayo, kwezi seva, emva kofakelo olucocekileyo lweNkqubo yokuSebenza yeSiseko kunye nohlaziyo lweepakethi ezifakiweyo ngokweendawo zokugcina ezikhoyo, kuya kufuneka kuphela ukufaka iipakethe. qemu-kvm, libvirt-bin y izixhobo zebhulorho, okanye enye ipakethe ethile yonikezelo ngalunye, oku akuthethi ukuba ukuba sifuna ezinye iinkqubo, akufuneki sizifakele.

I-hypervisor ekude "jessie"

Iimpawu zomncedisi zezi zilandelayo:

Igama lommandla desdelinux.umlandeli
Igama leqela: jessie
I-FQDN: Jessie.desdelinux.umlandeli
Idilesi ye-IP: 10.10.10.5
SubNet: 10.10.10.0/24
I-RAM : 2G
Hard drive 1: 20GB
Hard drive 2: 80GB
Indawo yokunyuka yeDiski 2: / ikhaya / vms
Umsebenzisi oqhelekileyo: buzz
Igama elipheleleyo lomsebenzisi: I-Debian yokuqala ye-OS Buzz

Silungiselela i-hypervisor "jessie".

Ekubeni sisenayo nangoku DNS kwinethiwekhi, kuya kufuneka siqhubeke ukusebenzisa i Ii-IPs. Nge ssh okanye ngokuthe ngqo kwikhonsoli yomncedisi, senza le miyalelo ilandelayo:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ ssh 10.10.10.5
buzz@10.10.10.5 iphasiwedi:

buzz@jessie:~$ sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# Uqinisekiso: Ngena kwiGraceTime 120 # PermitRootLogin ngaphandle kwegama lokugqitha
ImvumeRootLogin ewe             
Iindlela eziQinisekileyo ewe

buzz@jessie:~$ sudo inkonzo ssh qala kwakhona
buzz@jessie:~$ inkonzo ye-sudo yesimo se-ssh
● ssh.service - Iseva ye-OpenBSD Ekhuselekileyo ye-Shell Ilayishiwe: ilayishiwe (/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service; inikwe amandla) Iyasebenza: iyasebenza (isebenza) ukususela ngeLanga 2016-12-11 12:15:24 EST; Kwiminyaka emi-3 edluleyo engundoqo PID: 14960 (sshd)

buzz@jessie:~$ sudo aptitude faka qemu-kvm libvirt-bin
[sudo] igama lokugqitha le buzz:

Emva kokugqiba le misebenzi ingentla, sivula ifayile Umphathi weVirtual kwindawo yethu yokusebenzela, kwaye siyaqhubeka nokulawula i-hypervisor ekude "jessie".

Ukuze senze eli nqaku libe nemfundo ngakumbi, sipakishe yonke imifanekiso yokukhuphela, kwaye sinikezela ngekhonkco elingezantsi, ukwenzela ukuba ngelixa ufunda inkcazo ye "Inyathelo ngeNyathelo", unokujonga imifanekiso kwindawo yakho kwiMboni yakho. imifanekiso. Sicinga ukuba kukhululeke ngakumbi ngale ndlela. Siyenza ngelixa sibhala inqaku.

Khuphela imifanekiso "yeNyathelo ngeNyathelo" (961.1 kB).

Silawula uJessie ngeVirt-Manejala kunye neVirsh, nge-SSH

Into yokuqala ekufuneka siyenze ebomini bethu Umsebenzi, kukufakela inkqubo yomzobo ukulawula i iiphasiwedi ye abasebenzisi into ayicelayo kuthi libvirt kude. Kubalulekile ukuba, ukudibanisa ukude, idemoni yeza isebenza ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye i umsebenzisi okhethiweyo yeka iqela libvirt kwikhompyuter ekude, okanye ingaba ngumsebenzisi ngokwakhe Ingcambu.

buzz@sysadmin:~$ sudo ubuchule bokukhangela askpass
p ksshaskpass - ukukhuthaza abasebenzisi ngebinzana lokugqithisa le-ssh-yongeza i-razorqt-opensh-askpass - icandelo lomncedisi we-OpenSSH we-Razor-qt imo engqongileyo yedesktop -isikrini esigcweleyo-Phantsi kweGnome2, icela umsebenzisi igama lokugqithisa le-ssh-yongeza i-p ssh-askpass-gnome - esebenzayo

Sakhetha i ssh-Askpass-gnome, kulungile siyifakile i MATE-Desktop.

buzz@sysadmin:~$ sudo aptitude faka i-ssh-askpass-gnome

Ukunqanda iingxaki, kunye nokulandela isincomo seVirt-Manejala ngokwayo, ethi ngokungagqibekanga ikhomba kumsebenzisi Ingcambu ukudibanisa, kungenxa yokuba sivumela ukufikelela kwi Ingcambu, nge ssh, xa silungiselela i-Jessie hypervisor. Qaphela ukuba asizange sibe lilungu leqela libvirt kumsebenzisi oqhelekileyo buzz.

Ngokusisiseko, ukulawula ukude i-hypervisor kunye noomatshini bayo, siqhubeka ngendlela efanayo xa silawula i-hypervisor yendawo.

Inyathelo ngeNyathelo ngemifanekiso ekhutshelweyo

• 01 umfanekiso: Into yokuqala esiyenzayo kukudala i Umdibaniso omtsha kwiVirt-Manejala. Ukwenza oku sikhangela Imenyu -> + Yongeza umdibaniso... kwaye emva koko iwindow yencoko yababini izakuvula.
• 02 umfanekiso: Ifestile yencoko yababini apho sibhengeza amaxabiso aphambili odibaniso olutsha esizimisele ukuluseka:
  • Isilumkiso: QEMU/KVM
  • Qhagamshela kwikhompyuter ekude ngeNdlela: SSH
  • Igama lomsebenzisi: Ingcambu
  • Igama leqela: 10.10.10.5 (asikabinayo DNS)
  • Ukudibanisa ngokuzenzekelayo: Kuthetha ukuba xa siqala i-Virt-Manejala yendawo, iya kuzama ukudibanisa kwi-hypervisor ekude ngokuzenzekelayo. Siyacebisa sukuyiphawula
  • URI «Isichongi sezixhobo ezifanayo"Yenziwe: qemu+ssh://root@10.10.10.5/system

• 03 umfanekiso: Emva kokucofa iqhosha Xhuma Kwinqanaba langaphambili, inkqubo i-ssh-Askpass Usibuza ukuba besingekadibanisi na. ssh ulawulo olukude, ukuba sinqwenela ukuqhubeka, apho siphendula ukuba «Ewe» ichwethezwe kumbhalo ocacileyo, nangona ifestile yencoko yababini ingasibonisi into esiyibhalileyo. Emva kokuphendula ngokuqinisekileyo, sicofa iqhosha OK

• 04 umfanekiso: Ifestile yencoko yababini apho kufuneka singenise igama eligqithisiweyo lomsebenzisi Ingcambu ye-hypervisor ekude. Emva kokungena, cofa kwi OK.
• 05 umfanekiso: I-Virt-Manejala yendawo ngoku ibonisa imidibaniso emibini: ekude 10.10.10.5 (QEMU), kunye nendawo indawo yokuhlala (QEMU). Ngoku, kwaye sigcina uqhagamshelo olukude lukhethiwe, sijonga kwi Imenyu -> Hlela-> Iinkcukacha zonxibelelwano, kwaye zonke iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano olukhethiweyo ziya kuboniswa, zombini ulwazi kunye noqwalaselo.
• 06 umfanekiso: Inkophe"Uphononongo» ngeenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano. Kuyo sifunda ukuba unxibelelwano lu qemu+ssh://root@10.10.10.5/system. Igama leqela ngu Jessie.desdelinux.umlandeli. Kwaye ezinye iinkcukacha malunga nobungakanani bememori, uyilo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-CPU kunye nokusetyenziswa kwememori ye-hypervisor ekude.
• 07 umfanekiso: Inkophe"Iinethiwekhi eziqinisekileyo«. Kuyo sibona ukuba inethiwekhi «Engagqibekanga" Unga Autostart xa uqala ikhompyutha, ukuba inethiwekhi yi 192.168.122.0/24, eyenziweyo kunye noluhlu oluchaziweyo i DHCP, kwaye oko Ukugqithisa kugqityiwe NAT «Inguqulelo Yedilesi Yenethiwekhi«.

Masikhe siphumle apha sizibuze Silutshintsha njani uqwalaselo lwenethiwekhi olungagqibekanga kwiiparamitha eziyimfuneko kwi-LAN yeshishini?.

Sitshintsha inethiwekhi "emiselweyo" ye-hypervisor ekude usebenzisa i-virsh

Siqala i-console umtshana

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo virsh
[Sudo] iphasiwedi ye-buzz: Wamkelekile kwi-virsh, i-virtualization interactive terminal. Uhlobo: 'uncedo' ngoncedo lwemiyalelo 'yokuyeka' ukuyeka

Sidibanisa nekhompyuter ekude ye-hypervisor jessie

virsh # qhagamshela qemu+ssh://root@10.10.10.5/system
ingcambu@10.10.10.5's password:

Kwaye ngoku singena kwi-hypervisor ekude

uluhlu lwe-virsh # net-yonke
 Igama elithi State ngokuzenzekela ngokuZingisa ----------------------------------------------- ------------ okuhlala kukho akusebenzi hayi ewe

i-virsh # net-info engagqibekanga
Igama: UUID engagqibekanga: 18ce4bbb-fddb-4300-9f13-65b4d999690c Iyasebenza: hayi Zingisa: ewe
Autostart: hayi
Ibhulorho: virbr0

Sifumana olu qwalaselo lulandelayo lwe bomvu Engagqibekanga. Makhe siqwalasele ukuba into echazwayo yile ujongano lwebhulorho yenethiwekhi, kwaye hayi inethiwekhi ngokwayo. Nawuphi na umatshini esifuna ukudibanisa kujongano ivirbr0, kufuneka wabelane ngenethiwekhi efanayo.

virsh # net-edit-default
emiselweyo 18ce4bbb-fddb-4300-9f13-65b4d999690c 

Silungisa ubumbeko lwenethiwekhi Engagqibekanga yehypervisor ekude ngokwe i-subnet yeshishini lethu LAN, leyo 192.168.10.0/24

virsh # net-edit-default
ukungagqibeki 18ce4bbb-fddb-4300-9f13-65b4d999690civirbr0' stp='on' ulibaziseko='0'/>192.168.10.1' i-netmask='255.255.255.0'>

Siphawula inethiwekhi Engagqibekanga ye-hypervisor ekude ukuze Autonicie

virsh # net-autostart default
Inethiwekhi ehlala ikho iphawulwe njengeqalwe ngokuzenzekela

i-virsh # net-info engagqibekanga
Igama: UUID engagqibekanga: 18ce4bbb-fddb-4300-9f13-65b4d999690c
Esebenzayo: hayi
Zingisa: ewe
Autostart: ewe
Ibhulorho: virbr0

Kwaye ekugqibeleni siqala inethiwekhi Engagqibekanga ukusuka kwi-hypervisor ekude

virsh # umnatha-ukuqala okumiselweyo
Ukungagqibeki kwenethiwekhi kuqalile

virsh #umnatha-uluhlu
 Igama I-State Autostart eqhubekayo -------------------------------------------------- ------------ sisebenza ewe ewe

i-virsh # net-info engagqibekanga
Igama: UUID engagqibekanga: 18ce4bbb-fddb-4300-9f13-65b4d999690c
Vuselela: ewe
Zingisa: ewe
Autostart: ewe
Ibhulorho: virbr0

Emva kolu tshintsho, kufuneka "Nqamla"kwaye ubuyele ku"Xhuma» Ukuqhagamshela kwikhompyuter ekude kwiVirt-Manejala ukujonga utshintsho.

Inyathelo ngenyathelo ukuqhubeka kunye nemifanekiso ekhutshelweyo

• Umfanekiso 07a: Inkophe"Iinethiwekhi eziqinisekileyo"ngeWebhu Engagqibekanga sele ilungisiwe kwaye iyasebenza
• 08 umfanekiso: Inkophe"Ukugcina»ukusuka kwi-hypervisor ekude. Ekuqaleni sineSitora sokuGcina kuphela Engagqibekanga, kwaye le inokhetho lwe Autostart. Ukuba asizukugcina imifanekiso yomatshini wenyani kulawulo / var / lib / libvirt / imifanekiso Ngaso nasiphi na isizathu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungakhangeli ukhetho Autostart. Kule festile yencoko yababini, sicofa iqhosha «+»ukongeza iNdawo yokuGcina entsha.
• 09 umfanekiso: Yeyokuqala kwiwizard ukongeza idiphozithi entsha. Yena igama yediphozithi entsha jessie-vms-imifanekiso kwaye ngu Uvimba weefayili zeNkqubo yeFayile.
• 10 umfanekiso: Ekubeni sinediski ye-80GB efakwe kuyo / ikhaya / vms Ukugcinwa kwemifanekiso, sichaza ukuba i Indlela yokufika Kuya kuba ngokuchanekileyo.
• 11 umfanekiso: Nje ukuba iwizadi igqityiwe, sibuyela ku «Ukugcina»kwaye sifumanisa ukuba uvimba omtsha sele ukhona, onomfanekiso weCD okhutshelwe ukuyilwa koomatshini abatsha, aba Iyasebenza, kwaye unokhetho Autostart ikhethiwe. Senza umthamo omtsha womatshini omtsha wenyani, ucofa iqhosha «Umthamo omtsha«.
• 12 umfanekiso: I igama yomqulu omtsha ngu samba-ad-dc, indlela yayo iqkq2 kunye nayo Umthamo omkhulu ukukhula ngamandla 15GB. Ngokugqitha siyaqinisekisa ukuba kwidiphozithi «jessie-vms-imifanekiso«, umthamo okhoyo ngaphambi kokudala umthamo omtsha 77.95 GB. Ukugqiba ukwenza umthamo omtsha, sicofa iqhosha «Gqiba«
• 13 umfanekiso: Kwakhona sibuyela ku "Ukugcina»kwaye siyaqinisekisa ukuba umfanekiso wenziwe ngokuchanekileyo. Kungenjalo siza kulungisa enye into kwi «Iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano«, njengoko injalo imeko yethu, sivala ifestile ngokunqakraza kwi «X»phezulu ekhohlo, kwaye hayi ngokhetho lwemenyu ethi "Ifayile", kuba ke iVirt-Manejala iya kuvala kwaye kuya kufuneka siyivule kwakhona. 😉
• 14 umfanekiso: Sijonga ukuba unxibelelwano lukhethiwe kwiVirt-Manejala 10.10.10.5 (QEMU), kuba kulapho sizakwenza umatshini omtsha wenyani usebenzisa iwizadi yayo. Sicofa iqhosha «Yenza umatshini omtsha obonakalayo«, okanye sihamba ngomkhumbi Imenyu –> Ifayile –> Umatshini omtsha wenyani. Iwizard ibonisiwe kwaye kwifestile yencoko yababini yokuqala isixelela ukuba i Uqhagamshelwano yi-10.10.10.5 (QEMU/KVM), kwaye sikhetha ukuba siya kudala umatshini kwi-ISO okanye umfanekiso weCDROM.
• 15 umfanekiso: Sichaza indlela yomfanekiso we-ISO. Ukuba sicofa iqhosha Phonononga... ifestile iyavula Fumana ivolumu yemidiya ye-ISO, sikhetha idiphozithi jessie-vms-imifanekiso kwaye kuyo, kumfanekiso debian-8.0.0-amd64-CD-1.iso. Emva kokuba sikhethiwe, siboniswa indlela epheleleyo kumfanekiso /home/vms/debian-8.0.0-amd64-CD-1.iso. Kamva siyayibonisa loo nto Uhlobo lwe-OS kunye nayo Inguqulelo. Ekugqibeleni sicofa iqhosha Qhubeka.
• 16 umfanekiso: Kule bhokisi yencoko yababini sibonisa inani le I-RAM) kunye nenani le ICPU esiya kunika umatshini wenyani, isixa esinokuthi ngengqiqo singabi sikhulu kuneso soMamkeli okanye ikhompyuter yeHypervisor.
• 17 umfanekiso: Ukongeza ekukhetheni Yenza ugcino kulo matshini wenyani, sikhetha ukuba yeyiphi eya kuba ngumfanekiso wedisk esiya kunika umatshini, ngendlela efanayo esikhetha ngayo umfanekiso we-ISO. Ekugqibeleni sikhetha umthamo /home/vms/samba-ad-dc.qcow2.
• 18 umfanekiso: Sifikelela ekupheleni kwe wizard. Sibonisa ukuba igama del undwendwe i-será samba-ad-dc; into esiyifunayo Lungiselela useto phambi kokufaka, esiya kuthi sisebenzise ukudibanisa kwi-LAN yenkampani Inethiwekhi yenyani 'ehlala ikho': NAT, kwaye Chaza idilesi ye-MAC engatshintshiyo kujongano lomsebenzi womnatha, owenziwe ngokungenamkhethe. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku umatshini awukenziwa. Xa sicofa iqhosha Gqiba, kuxa iya kudalwa.
• 19 umfanekiso: Ifestile esibonisa ukuba kutheni sikhetha Lungiselela phambi kokufaka. Ngokungagqibekanga, uMphathi-Virt ukhetha i I-SPICE Monitor ehlala ikho. Ukuba sineengxaki zonxibelelwano okanye zokujonga, sinokuzama i Iseva yeVNC yale Monitor. Ukuba sitshintsha nayiphi na iparameter, kufuneka sicofe iqhosha aplicar yesixhobo ngasinye sezixhobo zentsimbi. Ngaphandle koko, i-Virt-Manejala iyakhalaza. 😉
• 20 umfanekiso: Ngendlela efanayo kunyulo oludlulileyo, xa sijongene neengxaki, sazama Ividiyo ehlala ikho Imodeli yeVMVGA. Ukuqala ukufakela okusanda kwenziwa undwendwe kude, sicofa iqhosha "Qalisa ukuhlohla".
• 21 umfanekiso: Emva kokuba ufakelo luqalisile, kwaye ngalo lonke ixesha sifuna ukuqhagamshela kumatshini wenyani okude okanye undwendwe, i-Virt-Manejala iya kusibuza kwakhona ukuqinisekiswa komsebenzisi oqhagamshele kude.
• 22 umfanekiso: Okokugqibela siqala ngofakelo lweNkqubo yokuSebenza ekhethelwe iNdwendwe ekude, njengokuba sisenza kumatshini womzimba okanye iseva.
• 23 umfanekiso: Umphathi weVirt kunye neyakhe Izivakashi isebenza, zombini yasekhaya kunye nekude.
• 24 umfanekiso: Umatshini wenyani samba-ad-dc ngokusebenza.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iNyathelo ngeNyathelo ngemifanekiso ephawulweyo, ebonakala kum iyeyona ndlela ilungileyo yolu hlobo lwamanqaku. Ngokwam, kuyandicaphukisa ukuskrola kwimifanekiso kwaye ndifunde imiyalezo phakathi kwayo. Ewe kunjalo, ukuba ufunda iposti kwi-smartphone, unokukhetha indlela yakudala. Andazi, kungcono ukuva izimvo zakho ngefomathi endiyilandelayo..

Abaninzi baya kuzibuza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukwenza onke la manyathelo angasentla usebenzisa i-console eqhelekileyo, i-console yomyalelo umtshanakunye umbukeli-wobuchule. Impendulo iqinisekile. Into kukuba iya kuba sisithuba eside kakhulu kwaye sinobugcisa kakhulu, kwaye asifuni ukuqhubela phambili abafundi abanamava amancinci kwisihloko seVirtualization.

Ukuba nawuphi na umfundi onomdla kwi ungayenza njani ne virsh, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi nge email.

Ukuhanjiswa okulandelayo

Asiqinisekanga ukuba siza kuqhubeka Indawo yokusebenza ene-OpenSuSE o Indawo yokusebenza kunye neCentOS. Ukhetha eyiphi?

Kude kube yi-adventure elandelayo, bahlobo!